Olfactory Bulb Volume, Olfactory Sulcus Depth in Parkinson's Disease, Atypical Parkinsonism.

Background: About 70-90% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have olfactory deficits which is considered as pre-motor symptom of PD. Lewy bodies have been demonstrated in the olfactory bulb (OB) in PD.

Objective: To assess the OB volume (OBV), olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) in PD and compare with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and vascular parkinsonism (VP) patients and determine the cut-off volume of OB that will aid in the diagnosis of PD.

The Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Cases with Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome.

Background: Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) can be a central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) based on the regions involved even though they share the same disease process, aetiopathogenesis and time course.

Objectives: Present study aims to characterize the clinical, radiological features and the outcome of patients with ODS with movement disorders as the forthcoming manifestation.

Methods: Chart review of patients with ODS with movement disorders.