lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA of plasma and tumor-derived exosomes of cardiac myxoma-related ischaemic stroke.

Cardiac myxoma (CM) is an important aetiology of stroke in young adults, and its diagnosis is difficult in patients having stroke because of the lack of diagnostic biomarkers. Tumour-derived exosomes play a crucial role in tumour growth, metastasis, immune regulation, and monitor disease development. Hence,we established an RNA-sequencing dataset for long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) in the plasma and tumour-derived exosomes from four patients with cardiac myxoma-related ischaemic stroke (CM-IS) and six patients with cardiac myxoma without ischaemic stroke (non-IS CM).

Longitudinal assessment of retinal and visual pathway electrophysiology and structure after high altitude exposure.

High altitude (HA) exposure induces impairments in visual function. This study was designed to dynamically observe visual function after returning to lowland and elucidate the underlying mechanism by examining the structure and function of retina and visual pathway. Twenty-three subjects were recruited before (Test 1), and one week (Test 2) and three months (Test 3) after their return from HA (4300 m) where they resided for 30 days.

Single-cell transcriptome atlas of lamprey exploring Natterin- induced white adipose tissue browning.

Lampreys are early jawless vertebrates that are the key to understanding the evolution of vertebrates. However, the lack of cytomic studies on multiple lamprey organs has hindered progress in this field. Therefore, the present study constructed a comprehensive cell atlas comprising 604,460 cells/nuclei and 70 cell types from 14 lamprey tissue samples.

Loneliness and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, axonal damage, and astrogliosis: A coordinated analysis of two longitudinal cohorts.

Objectives: Loneliness is associated with an elevated risk of dementia. There is mixed evidence from imaging studies on whether loneliness is associated with neuropathology in dementia-free adults. This study tests whether loneliness is associated with plasma neurobiomarkers of amyloid (Aβ42/Aβ40), phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and imaging measures of amyloid and tau.

A macro-transection model of brain trauma for neuromaterial testing with functional electrophysiological readouts.

Functional recovery in penetrating neurological injury is hampered by a lack of clinical regenerative therapies. Biomaterial therapies show promise as medical materials for neural repair through immunomodulation, structural support, and delivery of therapeutic biomolecules. However, a lack of facile and pathology-mimetic models for therapeutic testing is a bottleneck in neural tissue engineering research.

Artificial intelligence models using F-wave responses predict amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nerve conduction F-wave studies contain critical information about subclinical motor dysfunction which may be used to diagnose patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, F-wave responses are highly variable in morphology, making waveform interpretation challenging. Artificial Intelligence techniques can extract time-frequency features to provide new insights into ALS diagnosis and prognosis.

Electroencephalography in Clinical Practice: Neurology Professionals' Views on Optimal Standards of Care.

Purpose: Delivering optimal care to patients with seizures and epilepsy requires all EEGs to be interpreted accurately and reliably. This study investigated neurology professionals' opinions on the ideal standards for EEG in clinical care.

Methods: We developed an anonymous e-survey targeting practicing and trainee neurologists focused on participants' demographics, clinical practice characteristics, and views on optimal EEG standards of care-including whether an EEG certification test is needed and whether postresidency/fellowship training in EEG/epilepsy is necessary for neurologists who interpret outpatient/routine EEGs in practice.

Brain RNA profiling highlights multiple disease pathways in persons with HAND: uncovering determinants of biotype diversity.

Objective: To discover microRNA (miRNA)-RNA transcript interactions dysregulated in brains from persons with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), we investigated RNA expression using machine learning tools.

Design: Brain-derived host RNA transcript and miRNA expression was examined from persons with or without HAND using bioinformatics platforms.

Methods: By combining next generation sequencing, droplet digital (dd)PCR quantitation of HIV-1 genomes, with bioinformatics and statistical tools, we investigated differential RNA expression in frontal cortex from persons without HIV (HIV[-]), with HIV without brain disease (HIV[+]), with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), or HAND with encephalitis (HIVE).

Association between triglyceride/high density lipoprotein ratio and incidence risk of Parkinson's disease: a population-based cohort study.

The association between insulin resistance and increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) has rarely been investigated. Our study aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio (which represents insulin resistance), and the incidence risk of PD in the general population. This study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort Database of South Korea (2002-2019).

Identification of a metabolic brain network characterizing essential tremor.

The neuronal correlate of tremor genesis and cognitive function in essential tremor (ET) and its modulation by deep brain stimulation (DBS) are poorly understood. To explore the underlying metabolic topography of motor and cognitive symptoms, sixteen ET patients (age 63.6 ± 49.

Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx.

Background: Nasopharyngeal malignant tumors were relatively rare head and neck tumors with a low global incidence. There were various pathologic types of nasopharyngeal malignant tumors, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) was a highly malignant subtype with rapid growth and early metastasis. SCNEC was rare in the nasopharynx, and its clinical presentation and treatment strategy were different from other types of nasopharyngeal malignancies, posing a challenge to clinicians.

Untreated and uncontrolled hypertension in Japanese patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Hypertension (HT) is the most attributable and modifiable risk factor for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). However, epidemiological data on blood pressure (BP) control before SICH and its relationship to patient lifestyles are lacking. This study prospectively enrolled patients with acute SICH from six stroke centers in Tochigi, Japan.

Designing an intervention to improve cognitive evaluations in primary care.

Background: Early diagnosis is crucial to the optimal management of patients with cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or AD-related dementias. For some patients, early detection of cognitive impairment enables access to disease-modifying therapies. For all patients, it allows access to psychosocial supports.

Sleep profile in patients with septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia: protocol for a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Children with septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia (SOD) may experience a range of visual impairments and hormonal dysfunctions beyond developmental delay/intellectual disability. The literature describes sleep fragmentation, circadian rhythm disruptions and reduced sleep efficiency. These manifestations are believed to be closely linked to both structural and functional abnormalities associated with SOD, potentially disrupting the natural circadian rhythm.

Healthcare-seeking delays and associated factors among immigrant patients with acute ischaemic stroke in Shenzhen: a retrospective observational study.

Objective: To examine healthcare-seeking delays among immigrant patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), identifying key factors contributing to these delays and proposing evidence-based interventions for policy formulation and research.

Design: A retrospective observational study analysing healthcare-seeking behaviours and delay times among immigrant patients with AIS treated at the Department of Neurology, Longhua District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, from December 2021 to October 2023. The study included 1356 patients with AIS, all part of the immigrant population as defined by Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook criteria.

Development and external validation of the SMASHERS risk prediction model for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in the general population: a population-based prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (ASAH) is a severe stroke type, preventable by screening for intracranial aneurysms followed by treatment in high-risk individuals. We aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for ASAH in the general population to identify high-risk individuals.

Design: We used the population-based prospective cohort studies of the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank for model development and the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study for model validation.

What is the current scope of research assessing patients' and clinicians' perspectives on clozapine treatment? A comprehensive scoping review.

Objectives: Clozapine is continuously underused. The existing systematic reviews addressing barriers to clozapine prescribing primarily focus on clinical staff's attitudes and perceived barriers to prescribing. However, a preliminary literature search revealed additional literature on the subject not previously included in systematic reviews, including literature on patient perspectives.

Effect of metformin on the clinical outcomes of stroke in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Stroke is a major cause of death and disability globally, especially among diabetic patients. In this study, we aim to scrutinise the effects of metformin on the clinical outcomes of stroke in diabetic patients.

Design: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Epilepsy therapy beyond neurons: unveiling astrocytes as cellular targets.

Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the urgent need to explore new treatment strategies for epilepsy, recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting gliosis, metabolic disturbances, and neural circuit abnormalities as therapeutic strategies.

Transformer-based neural speech decoding from surface and depth electrode signals.

This study investigates speech decoding from neural signals captured by intracranial electrodes. Most prior works can only work with electrodes on a 2D grid (i.e.

Peripheral proteinopathy in neurodegenerative diseases.

Proteinopathies in neurology typically refer to pathological changes in proteins associated with neurological diseases, such as the aggregation of amyloid β and Tau in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Interestingly, these proteins are also commonly found in peripheral tissues, raising important questions about their roles in neurological disorders. Multiple studies have shown that peripherally derived pathological proteins not only travel to the brain through various routes, aggravating brain pathology, but also contribute significantly to peripheral dysfunction, highlighting their crucial impact on neurological diseases.