Dural perforation and life-threatening central nervous system complications associated with septic arthritis of the lumbar facet joint: illustrative case.

Background: Septic arthritis of the lumbar facet joint (SALFJ) is a rare condition that can lead to serious complications. The authors present an uncommon case in which SALFJ resulted in bacterial meningitis (BM) with hydrocephalus and pyogenic ventriculitis, causing a disturbance of consciousness. Reports describing perforation of the dura mater by an epidural abscess are rare, and the present case offers valuable insights into the management of complex and severe complications arising from SALFJ.

Prevalence of Pathogenic Variants and Eligibility Criteria for Genetic Testing in Patients Who Visit a Memory Clinic.

Background And Objectives: Identifying genetic causes of dementia in patients visiting memory clinics is important for patient care and family planning. Traditional clinical selection criteria for genetic testing may miss carriers of pathogenic variants in dementia-related genes. This study aimed identify how many carriers we are missing and to optimize criteria for selecting patients for genetic counseling in memory clinics.

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions With Large Ischemic Strokes: Insights From the SELECT2 Trial.

Background And Objectives: Although previous trials have established the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in large ischemic core strokes, most of them excluded patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (e-ICA) occlusion. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients with e-ICA occlusion and large ischemic core infarcts treated with EVT vs medical management (MM).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the SELECT2 trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted at 31 international sites.

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Poor olfaction may be associated with adverse cerebrovascular events, but empirical evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of olfaction with the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Methods: We included 5799 older adults with no history of stroke at baseline from 2011 to 2013 (75.

Transient Ischemic Attack in Women: Real-World Hospitalization Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk of Hemorrhage and Stroke.

Background: Sex-specific differences in stroke risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes are well documented. However, little is known about real-world differences in transient ischemic attack (TIA) hospitalizations and outcomes between men and women.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of the 2016 to 2021 Nationwide Readmissions Database in the United States.

M-Sec promotes the accumulation of intracellular HTLV-1 Gag puncta and the incorporation of Env into viral particles.

We have demonstrated that the cellular protein M-Sec promotes the transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show how HTLV-1 utilizes M-Sec for its efficient transmission. HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells expressed M-Sec at a higher level than uninfected CD4+ T cells.

CSF cytokine, chemokine and injury biomarker profile of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoimmunity.

Defining the CSF cytokine/chemokine and injury biomarker signature of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoimmunity can inform immunopathogenesis. CSF GFAP-IgG-positive samples (N = 98) were tested for 17 cytokines/chemokines, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and GFAP (ELLA, Bio-Techne). Controls included non-inflammatory (N = 42), AQP4-IgG-positive (N = 83), CNS infections (N = 13), and neurosarcoidosis (N = 32).

Electroacupuncture alleviates motor dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage via the PPARγ-EAAT2 pathway.

Nowadays, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the main cause of death and disability, and motor impairment is a common sequel to ICH. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been widely used for functional recovery after ICH. However, its role and associated regulatory mechanisms in rehabilitation after ICH remain poorly understood.

Protocol for recording physiological signals from the human cerebellum using electroencephalography.

As Purkinje cells of the cerebellum have a very fast firing rate, techniques with high temporal resolution are required to capture cerebellar physiology. Here, we present a protocol to record physiological signals in humans using cerebellar electroencephalography (cEEG). We describe steps for electrode placement and recording.

White matter connections within the central sulcus subserving the somato-cognitive action network.

The somato-cognitive action network (SCAN) consists of three nodes interspersed within Penfield's motor effector regions. The configuration of the somato-cognitive action network nodes resembles the one of the 'plis de passage' of the central sulcus: small gyri bridging the precentral and postcentral gyri. Thus, we hypothesize that these may provide a structural substrate of the somato-cognitive action network.

An MRI assessment of mechanisms underlying lesion growth and shrinkage in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To assess the pathological mechanisms contributing to white matter (WM) lesion expansion or contraction and remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We assessed 1,613 lesions in 49 people with relapsing-remitting MS in the CCMR-One bexarotene trial (EudraCT 2014-003145-99). We measured lesion orientation relative to WM tracts, surface-in gradients and veins.

Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of hip instability in the pediatric population with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of hip muscle botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of hip instability reported in studies of children with cerebral palsy. Searches in PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science were performed using the term hips combined with botulinum toxin and its various abbreviations and brand names. Reference lists and citations of the reviewed studies were also searched.

Multimodal assessment predicts cognitive impairment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Risk factors and mechanisms of cognitive impairment (CI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are unclear. This study used a neuropsychological battery, MRI, ERP and CSF and plasma biomarkers to predict long-term cognitive impairment after aSAH.

Materials And Methods: 214 patients hospitalized with aSAH (n = 125) or unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) (n = 89) were included in this prospective cohort study.

Apixaban to Prevent Covert Infarcts After Cryptogenic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Cardiopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the ARCADIA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In the Atrial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs in Prevention After Cryptogenic Stroke (ARCADIA) randomized clinical trial, anticoagulation did not prevent recurrent stroke among patients with a recent cryptogenic stroke and atrial cardiopathy. It is unknown whether anticoagulation prevents covert infarcts in this population.

Objective: To test the use of apixaban vs aspirin for prevention of nonlacunar covert infarcts after cryptogenic stroke in patients with atrial cardiopathy.

Is the FAB test associated with fall occurrence in older adults? A retrospective analysis of outpatient fall risk assessment.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of French older adults. Participants with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥ 24 were recruited from a fall clinic in a geriatrics department. We recorded history of falls in the preceding 6 months, as well as Timed Up and Go test and mobility assessment at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-up.

Emerging Deep Brain Stimulation Targets in the Cerebellum for Tremor.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor is remarkably effective, leading to over 80% reduction in standardized tremor ratings. However, for certain types of tremor, such as those accompanied by ataxia or dystonia, conventional DBS targets have shown poor efficacy. Various rationales for using cerebellar DBS stimulation to treat tremor have been advanced, but the varied approaches leave many questions unanswered: which anatomic target, stimulation settings, and indications seem most promising for this emerging approach.

New and Emerging Biological Therapies for Myasthenia Gravis: A Focussed Review for Clinical Decision-Making.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease characterised by exertion-induced muscle weakness that can lead to potentially life-threatening myasthenic crises. Detectable antibodies are directed against specific postsynaptic structures of the neuromuscular junction. MG is a chronic condition that can be improved through therapies, but to date, not cured.

The Regulation of Messenger RNAs and Biological Pathways by Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Ischemic Stroke.

Our aim was to evaluate the regulation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and biological pathways by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in ischemic stroke. We employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct two co-expression networks for mRNAs with circRNAs and lncRNAs, respectively, to investigate their association with ischemic stroke. We compared the overlap of mRNAs and biological pathways in the stroke-associated modules of the two networks.