Mapping Trajectories of Gait Recovery in Clinical Stroke Rehabilitation.

Background: How gait changes during the early stages of stoke rehabilitation, and which patient characteristics are associated with these changes is still largely unknown.

Objective: he first objective was to describe the changes in gait during stroke rehabilitation. Secondly, we determined how various patient characteristics were associated with the rate of change of gait over time.

Integrated analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of poststroke dysphagia.

Objectives: Poststroke dysphagia (PSD) is a common complication after stroke but there is limited information on its global prevalence and influencing factors, such as spatial, temporal, demographic characteristics, and stroke-related factors. Our study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the overall prevalence of PSD and its influencing factors.

Methods: A search of English-language literature from database inception from 2005 until May 2022 was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus.

Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease by eliciting trait-specific eye movements in multi-visual tasks.

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and eye movement abnormalities are a significant symptom of its diagnosis. In this paper, we developed a multi-task driven by eye movement in a virtual reality (VR) environment to elicit PD-specific eye movement abnormalities. The abnormal features were subsequently modeled by using the proposed deep learning algorithm to achieve an auxiliary diagnosis of PD.

Evaluation of a biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis derived from a hypomethylated DNA signature of human motor neurons.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lacks a specific biomarker, but is defined by relatively selective toxicity to motor neurons (MN). As others have highlighted, this offers an opportunity to develop a sensitive and specific biomarker based on detection of DNA released from dying MN within accessible biofluids. Here we have performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of iPSC-derived MN from neurologically normal individuals.

Integrating the ADS Score with 24-Hour ASPECTS and red cell distribution width for enhanced prediction of stroke-associated pneumonia following intravenous thrombolysis: model development and internal validation.

Introduction: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a major cause of mortality during the acute phase of stroke. The ADS score is widely used to predict SAP risk but does not include 24-h non-contrast computed tomography-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (NCCT-ASPECTS) or red cell distribution width (RDW). We aim to evaluate the added prognostic value of incorporating 24-h NCCT-ASPECTS and RDW into the ADS score and to develop a novel prediction model for SAP following thrombolysis.

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated metabolic encephalopathy caused by dapagliflozin: a rare case report.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT-2) inhibitors are a newer class of antidiabetic drugs with the increased risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis(EuDKA). Encephalopathy is a rare but life-threatening event of EuDKA. Due to paradoxically normal or slightly elevated serum glucose levels, it's easy to be mimicked by cerebral infarction, structural brain damage, thus leading to delayed diagnosis and causing seriously irreversible brain injury.

Differentially localizing isoforms of the migraine component calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), in the mouse trigeminal ganglion: βCGRP is translated but, unlike αCGRP, not sorted into axons.

Objective: The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been established to be a key signaling molecule in migraine, but little is known about the differences between the two isoforms: αCGRP and βCGRP. Previous studies have been hampered by their close similarity, making the development of specific antibodies nearly impossible. In this study we sought to test the hypothesis that αCGRP and βCGRP localize differently within the neurons of the mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG), using αCGRP knock out (KO) animals.

A case of ischemic stroke in the basal ganglia presenting with fecal and urinary incontinence as initial clinical manifestations.

Limb disorders and slurred speech are common clinical symptoms associated with acute ischemic stroke. Although urinary incontinence is a known symptom in many cases of acute ischemic stroke, the simultaneous impairment of both bowel and bladder function is relatively rare. The occurrence of fecal and urinary incontinence as the primary clinical manifestation in minor acute ischemic stroke is especially uncommon.

Preoperative Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Utilization and Association with Bariatric Surgery Outcomes.

Background: The efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1RA) for the treatment of obesity has led to considerably increased demand for these medications. GLP1RA use prior to bariatric surgery may represent a novel approach to treating obesity. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe trends in pre-bariatric GLP1RA use, (2) investigate social and clinical factors associated with their use, and (3) evaluate differences in clinical outcomes based on preoperative GLP1RA use.

In vivo base editing extends lifespan of a humanized mouse model of prion disease.

Prion disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the misfolding of prion protein (PrP) encoded by the PRNP gene. While there is currently no cure for the disease, depleting PrP in the brain is an established strategy to prevent or stall templated misfolding of PrP. Here we developed in vivo cytosine and adenine base strategies delivered by adeno-associated viruses to permanently modify the PRNP locus to achieve PrP knockdown in the mouse brain.

Brain-derived tau oligomer polymorphs: distinct aggregations, stability profiles, and biological activities.

Aggregation of microtubule-associated tau protein is a distinct hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Tau oligomers are suggested to be the primary neurotoxic species that initiate aggregation and propagate prion-like structures. Furthermore, different diseases are shown to have distinct structural characteristics of aggregated tau, denoted as polymorphs.

Nanocarrier imaging at single-cell resolution across entire mouse bodies with deep learning.

Efficient and accurate nanocarrier development for targeted drug delivery is hindered by a lack of methods to analyze its cell-level biodistribution across whole organisms. Here we present Single Cell Precision Nanocarrier Identification (SCP-Nano), an integrated experimental and deep learning pipeline to comprehensively quantify the targeting of nanocarriers throughout the whole mouse body at single-cell resolution. SCP-Nano reveals the tissue distribution patterns of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) after different injection routes at doses as low as 0.

Multi-omic quantitative trait loci link tandem repeat size variation to gene regulation in human brain.

Tandem repeat (TR) size variation is implicated in ~50 neurological disorders, yet its impact on gene regulation in the human brain remains largely unknown. In the present study, we quantified the impact of TR size variation on brain gene regulation across distinct molecular phenotypes, based on 4,412 multi-omics samples from 1,597 donors, including 1,586 newly sequenced ones. We identified ~2.

Synergistic protection of nascent DNA at stalled forks by MSANTD4 and BRCA1/2-RAD51.

The regressed arms of reversed replication forks exhibit structural similarities to one-ended double-stranded breaks and need to be protected against uncontrolled nucleolytic degradation. Here, we identify MSANTD4 (Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain-containing protein 4), a functionally uncharacterized protein that uniquely counters the replication protein A (RPA)-Bloom (BLM)/Werner syndrome helicase (WRN)-DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) complex to safeguard reversed replication forks from detrimental degradation, independently of the breast cancer susceptibility proteins (BRCA1/2)-DNA repair protein RAD51 pathway. MSANTD4 specifically interacts with the junctions between single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in DNA substrates harboring a 3' overhang, which resemble the structural features of regressed arms processed by WRN-DNA2.

Triple mosaic variants of PURA in a patient with multiple congenital anomalies.

In monogenic diseases, double mosaic variants of the same gene have rarely been identified. Here, we report the case of triple mosaic variants in PURA, a gene responsible for a neurodevelopmental syndrome (OMIM# 616158). Whole-exome sequencing identified three somatic PURA variants in our case with a similar neurodevelopmental syndrome: NM_005859.

Communicating neurological prognosis in the prenatal period: a narrative review and practice guidelines.

Clinicians may face an array of challenges in conducting fetal neurological consultations including prognostic uncertainty, a lack of training in fetal counseling, and limited opportunity to build rapport with families. In this setting, it is critical to employ high-quality, family-centered care to allow expectant parents to make informed decisions. Despite the challenges and gravity of these consultations, there remains limited data outlining best conduct and communication practices.

Neurophysiological correlates of ketamine-induced dissociative state in bipolar disorder: insights from real-world clinical settings.

Ketamine, a dissociative compound, shows promise in treating mood disorders, including treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Despite its therapeutic potential, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ketamine's effects are not fully understood. This study explored acute neurophysiological changes induced by subanesthetic doses of ketamine in BD patients with depression using electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers.

Visit-to-visit lipid variability on long-term major adverse cardiovascular events: a prospective multicentre cohort from the CORE-Thailand registry.

Lipid variability (LV) has been studied and proposed as a potential predictor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and increased LV may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association of various LV parameters with the risk of long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among the Thai population. The study used data from the CORE-Thailand Registry, a prospective multicentre study of adults with high cardiovascular risk or established CVD.

Schlafen 11 Expression in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Association With Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Schlafen 11 (SLFN-11) has been identified as a sensitizer of tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents. However, the relationship between SLFN-11 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unexplored. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of SLFN-11 expression on survival in patients with limited-stage (LS) SCLC.

Longitudinal Trends in Physical Activity Among Older Adults With and Without HIV in Uganda.

Introduction: Physical Activity (PA) and its links to frailty, quality of life (QoL), and other comorbidities in older Ugandans living with HIV remain under-explored.

Methods: We analyzed data from three annual assessments of older people living with HIV (PLWH) and age- and sex-similar people not living with HIV (PnLWH). We fitted linear generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression models to estimate the correlates of PA, including demographics, frailty, QoL, HIV, and other comorbidities.