Prognostic Testing for Prostate Cancer-A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing a Prostatype P-Score Biomarker Approach to Standard Clinical Practice.

Background: The Prostatype score (P-score) is a prognostic biomarker that integrates a three-gene (IGFBP3, F3, and VGLL3) signature derived from prostate biopsy samples, with key clinical parameters, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason grade, and tumor stage at diagnosis. The test has demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for prostate cancer outcomes compared with traditional risk categorization systems such as D'Amico. Notably, it reclassifies a higher proportion of patients into the low-risk category, making them eligible for active surveillance.

Activation of TMEM16E scramblase induces ligand independent growth factor receptor signaling and macropinocytosis for membrane repair.

The calcium-dependent phospholipid scramblase TMEM16E mediates ion transport and lipid translocation across the plasma membrane. TMEM16E also contributes to protection of membrane structure by facilitating cellular repair signaling. Our research reveals that TMEM16E activation promotes macropinocytosis, essential for maintaining plasma membrane integrity.

An autopsy case of TFE3-rearranged PEComa-like neoplasm with systematic embolization involving the heart.

A rare autopsy case of malignant transcription factor E3 (TFE3)-rearranged perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)-like neoplasm is presented. An 84-year-old woman manifested multiple cerebral infarctions and repetitive embolic events in the supra mesenchymal artery (SMA), and the presence of a mobile mass in the heart's left ventricle was also revealed. Tumoral lesions were also found in a pelvic space and a right pleural cavity, and a biopsy was performed from one of the disseminated tumor masses in the right pleura.

The Dark Side of Empathy: the Role of Excessive Affective Empathy on Mental Health Disorders.

Empathy, typically regarded as a positive attribute, is now being critically evaluated for its potential negative implications on mental health. A growing body of research indicates that excessive empathy, particularly high level of affective empathy, can lead to overwhelming emotional states, increasing susceptibility to psychological distress and psychiatric disorders. This review aims to explore the negative effects of empathy on mental health.

Oncogenic IDH1 drives robust loss of histone acetylation and increases chromatin heterogeneity.

Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous tumors, mostly incurable, arising in the central nervous system (CNS) driven by genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic aberrations. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) enzymes are predominantly found in low-grade gliomas and secondary high-grade gliomas, with IDH1 mutations being more prevalent. Mutant-IDH1/2 confers a gain-of-function activity that favors the conversion of a-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), resulting in an aberrant hypermethylation phenotype.

Hydroxychloroquine prevents resistance and potentiates the antitumor effect of SHP2 inhibition in NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas and the primary cause of mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These malignancies develop within preexisting benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). PNs are solely driven by biallelic loss eliciting RAS pathway activation, and they respond favorably to MEK inhibitor therapy.

Trehalose Ameliorates Zebrafish Emotional and Social Deficits Caused by CLN8 Dysfunction.

CLN8 and other neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) often lead to cognitive decline, emotional disturbances, and social deficits, worsening with disease progression. Disrupted lysosomal pH, impaired autophagy, and defective dendritic arborization contribute to these symptoms. Using a zebrafish model, we identified significant impairments in locomotion, anxiety, and aggression, along with subtle deficits in social interactions, positioning zebrafish as a useful model for therapeutic studies in NCL.

Neuropsychological test performance in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We sought to characterize the cognitive profile among individuals with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) to help guide future clinical criteria.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis included MCI-LB studies with cognitive data from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (January 1990 to March 2023). MCI-LB scores were compared to controls, MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) groups with random-effects models.

Associations between lifelong cognitive reserve, Alzheimer's disease-related plasma biomarkers, and cognitive function in dementia-free older adults: A population-based study.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR), typically measured through socio-behavioral proxies, can partially explain better cognitive performance despite underlying brain aging or neuropathology.

Objective: To examine the associations of CR with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive function while considering Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related plasma biomarkers.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 4706 dementia-free individuals from MIND-China.

Diagnostic Insighhts Into JC Virus-Infected Glial Cells: Intraoperative Cytopathological Analysis of Dot-Shaped Inclusions Associated With PML-NBs.

This is the first case report describing the diagnostic value of dot-shaped inclusions associated with promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) to define JC virus-infected glial cells in an intraoperative cytopathological diagnosis for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

Corrigendum: Decreased PPP1R3G in pre-eclampsia impairs human trophoblast invasion and migration via Akt/MMP-9 signaling pathway.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/15353702231182214.].

A novel computational method for rodent electrographic recording and analysis using off-the-shelf intracerebral depth electrodes.

Electrographic recording of brain activity through either surface electrodes (electroencephalography, EEG) or implanted electrodes (electrocorticography, ECOG) are valuable research tools in neuroscience across many disciplines, including epilepsy, sleep science and more. Research techniques to perform recordings in rodents are wide-ranging and often require custom parts that may not be readily available. Moreover, the information required to connect individual components is often limited and can therefore be challenging to implement.

Maladaptive changes in the homeostasis of AEA-TRPV1/CB1R induces pain-related hyperactivity of nociceptors after spinal cord injury.

Background: Neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with persistent hyperactivity of primary nociceptors. Anandamide (AEA) has been reported to modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission through activation of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). However, the role of AEA and these receptors in the hyperactivity of nociceptors after SCI remains unclear.

Quality of life in people with syndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease and their relatives: a qualitative interview based study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions and opinions on what constitutes determinants for quality of life (QoL) in individuals with syndromic Heritable Aortic Disease (sHTAD), utilizing a qualitative study approach. Further to discuss clinical implications and direction for research.

Method: A qualitative focus group interview study was conducted of 47 adults (Marfan syndrome (MFS) = 14, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) = 11, vascular Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS) = 11, relatives = 11).

Multivariate patterns among multimodal neuroimaging and clinical, cognitive, and daily functioning characteristics in bipolar disorder.

Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) show heterogeneity in clinical, cognitive, and daily functioning characteristics, which challenges accurate diagnostics and optimal treatment. A key goal is to identify brain-based biomarkers that inform patient stratification and serve as treatment targets. The objective of the present study was to apply a data-driven, multivariate approach to quantify the relationship between multimodal imaging features and behavioral phenotypes in BD.

Spatial control of doping in conducting polymers enables complementary, conformable, implantable internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors.

Complementary transistors are critical for circuits with compatible input/output signal dynamic range and polarity. Organic electronics offer biocompatibility and conformability; however, generation of complementary organic transistors requires introduction of separate materials with inadequate stability and potential for tissue toxicity, limiting their use in biomedical applications. Here, we discovered that introduction of source/drain contact asymmetry enables spatial control of de/doping and creation of single-material complementary organic transistors from a variety of conducting polymers of both carrier types.

TDP-43 Cryptic RNAs in Perry Syndrome: Differences across Brain Regions and TDP-43 Proteinopathies.

Background: Perry syndrome (PS) is a rare and fatal hereditary autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in dynactin (DCTN1). PS brains accumulate inclusions positive for ubiquitin, transactive-response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), and to a lesser extent dynactin.

Objectives: Little is known regarding the contributions of TDP-43, an RNA binding protein that represses cryptic exon inclusion, in PS.

Neurocan regulates axon initial segment organization and neuronal activity.

The neural extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulates in the form of perineuronal nets (PNNs), particularly around fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons in the cortex and hippocampus, but also around synapses and in association with the axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier. Increasing evidence highlights the role of Neurocan (Ncan), a brain-specific component of ECM, in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Ncan localizes at PNNs, perisynaptically, and at the nodes of Ranvier and the AIS, highlighting its potential role in regulating axonal excitability.

Deficiency of histamine H receptors in parvalbumin-positive neurons leads to hyperactivity, impulsivity, and impaired attention.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), affecting 4% of the population, is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity; however, its neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we discovered that deficiency of histamine H receptor (HR) in parvalbumin-positive neurons in substantia nigra pars recticulata (PV) attenuates PV neuronal activity and induces hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in mice. Moreover, decreased HR expression was observed in PV in patients with ADHD symptoms and dopamine-transporter-deficient mice, whose behavioral phenotypes were alleviated by HR agonist treatment.

Association of body composition with neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive function; a population-based study of 70-year-olds.

Background: A better understanding of body-brain links may provide insights on targets for preventing cognitive decline. The aim was to explore associations of body composition with neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive function among dementia-free 70-year-olds.

Methods: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition measures in relation to neuroimaging measures of cortical thickness, hippocampal volume, small vessel disease, predicted brain age, and cognitive performance were explored in a cross-sectional study of 674 dementia-free 70-year-olds from the Swedish Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort study.

Gaming disorder: Neural mechanisms and ongoing debates.

Background And Aims: The inclusion of gaming disorder as a new diagnosis in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) has caused ongoing debate. This review aimed to summarise the potential neural mechanisms of gaming disorder and provide additional evidence for this debate.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of gaming disorder, focusing on studies that investigated its clinical characteristics and neurobiological mechanisms.

Behind the scenes of cellular organization: Quantifying spatial phenotypes of puncta structures with statistical models including random fields.

The cellular interior is a spatially complex environment shaped by non-trivial stochastic and biophysical processes. Within this complexity, spatial organizational principles-also called spatial phenotypes-often emerge with functional implications. However, identifying and quantifying these phenotypes in the stochastic intracellular environment is challenging.