The first reported case of candidemia caused by the novel Candida tropicalis diploid sequence type 1515.

Introduction: Since the dawn of the new millennium, Candida species have been increasingly implicated as a cause of both healthcare-associated as well as opportunistic yeast infections, due to the widespread use of indwelling medical devices, total parenteral nutrition, systemic corticosteroids, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Candida tropicalis is a pathogenic Candida species associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and drug resistance issues on a global scale.

Methodology: We report a case of a 43-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for further management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

A Comprehensive Atlas of AAV Tropism in the Mouse.

Gene therapy with Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) vectors requires knowledge of their tropism within the body. Here we analyze the tropism of ten naturally occurring AAV serotypes (AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAVrh8, AAVrh10 and AAVrh74) following systemic delivery into male and female mice. A transgene expressing ZsGreen and Cre recombinase was used to identify transduction in a cell-dependent manner based on fluorescence.

Genetic analysis reveals the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from sheep.

Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae ) is a common pathogen of humans and various animals. However, the phylogenetic position of animal S.

Imaging flow cytometry reveals the mechanism of equine arteritis virus entry and internalization.

The process of viral entry into host cells is crucial for the establishment of infection and the determination of viral pathogenicity. A comprehensive understanding of entry pathways is fundamental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Standard techniques for investigating viral entry include confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, both of which provide complementary qualitative and quantitative data.

Fecal microbiota transplantation to prevent acute graft-versus-host disease: pre-planned interim analysis of donor effect.

Gut microbiota disruptions after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) are associated with increased risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). We designed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial to test whether healthy-donor fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) early after alloHCT reduces the incidence of severe aGVHD. Here, we report the results from the single-arm run-in phase which identified the best of 3 stool donors for the randomized phase.

Aberrant promoter methylation of CTHRC1 gene and its clinicopathological characteristics in head and neck cancer.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is genetically complex and difficult to treat. Detection in the early stage is challenging, leading to diagnosis at advanced stages with limited treatment options. This study examined the collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 gene (CTHRC1) as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in HNSCC.

Characterizing tumor-infiltrating group 1 innate lymphoid cells in PyMT breast tumors.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and continues to have a significant impact in cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Investigating the complex roles of infiltrating immune subsets within the tumor microenvironment (TME) will enable a better understanding of disease progression and reveal novel therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer. The mammary-specific expression of polyomavirus middle T oncoprotein (MMTV-PyMT) was first established in 1992 by William Muller and is the most commonly used genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for breast cancer research.

Divergent transcriptional states and kinetics of circulating tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte repertoires with highly homologous T-cell receptor sequences in a patient during immunotherapy.

Evidence has shown that T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize the same epitopes may not be the exact TCR clonotypes but have slightly different TCR sequences. However, the changes in the genomic and transcriptomic signatures of these highly homologous T cells during immunotherapy remain unknown. Here, we examined the evolutionary features in circulating TCR clonotypes observed in tumors (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-TCRs) by combining single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing of longitudinal blood samples and TCR sequencing of tumor tissue from a patient treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4/programmed cell death protein-1 therapy.

Leveraging Epigenetic Alterations in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma for Clinical Applications.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by late detection and poor prognosis. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of epigenetic alter- ations in driving PDAC development and progression. These changes, in conjunction with genetic mutations, contribute to the intricate molecular landscape of the disease.

Nutrient control of splice site selection contributes to methionine addiction of cancer.

Objectives: Many cancer cells depend on exogenous methionine for proliferation, whereas non-tumorigenic cells can divide in media supplemented with the metabolic precursor homocysteine. This phenomenon is known as methionine dependence of cancer or methionine addiction. The underlying mechanisms driving this cancer-specific metabolic addiction are poorly understood.

Crossing the blood-brain barrier: emerging therapeutic strategies for neurological disease.

The blood-brain barrier is a physiological barrier that can prevent both small and complex drugs from reaching the brain to exert a pharmacological effect. For treatment of neurological diseases, drug concentrations at the target site are a fundamental parameter for therapeutic effect; thus, the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle to overcome. Novel strategies have been developed to circumvent the blood-brain barrier, including CSF delivery, intracranial delivery, ultrasound-based methods, membrane transporters, receptor-mediated transcytosis, and nanotherapeutics.

Cytoplasmic mRNA decay controlling inflammatory gene expression is determined by pre-mRNA fate decision.

The fidelity of immune responses depends on timely controlled and selective mRNA degradation that is largely driven by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). It remains unclear whether stochastic or directed processes govern the selection of an individual mRNA molecule for degradation. Using human and mouse cells, we show that tristetraprolin (TTP, also known as ZFP36), an essential anti-inflammatory RBP, destabilizes target mRNAs via a hierarchical molecular assembly.

Spatially restricted and ontogenically distinct hepatic macrophages are required for tissue repair.

Our understanding of the functional heterogeneity of resident versus recruited macrophages in the diseased liver is limited. A population of recruited lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) has been reported to populate the diseased liver alongside resident Kupffer cells (KCs). However, the precise roles of these distinct macrophage subsets remain elusive.

Characterization of senescence-associated transcripts in the human placenta.

Introduction: Fusion of mononucleated cytotrophoblasts into syncytium leads to trophoblast senescence. Yet, premature senescence is associated with preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and related obstetrical syndromes. A set of 28 transcripts that comprise senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) was recently described in placentas from women with preeclampsia.

How to survive mild winters: Cold acclimation, deacclimation, and reacclimation in winter wheat and barley.

Cold acclimation and vernalization represent the major evolutionary adaptive responses to ensure winter survival of temperate plants. Due to climate change, mild winters can paradoxically worsen plant winter survival due to cold deacclimation induced by warm periods during winter. It seems that the ability of cold reacclimation in overwintering Triticeae cereals is limited, especially in vernalized plants.

Protocol for identifying Dicer as dsRNA binding and cleaving reagent in response to transfected dsRNA.

Mammalian Dicer has been proved to be functional on double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and involved in antiviral immunity or immune regulation. Here, we present a protocol for identifying Dicer as a dsRNA binding and cleaving factor to transfected dsRNA in cell lines, based on small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and dsRNA-immunoprecipitation (dsRNA-IP). We detail both experimental processes and analysis on small RNA-seq data.

The activity of indigo carmine against bacteriophages: an edible antiphage agent.

Bacteriophage infections in bacterial cultures pose a significant challenge to industrial bioprocesses, necessitating the development of innovative antiphage solutions. This study explores the antiphage potential of indigo carmine (IC), a common FDA-approved food additive. IC demonstrated selective inactivation of DNA phages (P001, T4, T1, T7, λ) with the EC values ranging from 0.

Flunarizine as a Candidate for Drug Repurposing Against Human Pathogenic Mammarenaviruses.

Lassa fever (LF), a viral hemorrhagic fever disease with a case fatality rate that can be over 20% among hospitalized LF patients, is endemic to many West African countries. Currently, no vaccines or therapies are specifically licensed to prevent or treat LF, hence the significance of developing therapeutics against the mammarenavirus Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of LF. We used in silico docking approaches to investigate the binding affinities of 2015 existing drugs to LASV proteins known to play critical roles in the formation and activity of the virus ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) responsible for directing replication and transcription of the viral genome.

Phage M198 and Its Therapeutic Potential.

The rapid worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance is quickly becoming an increasingly concerning problem for human healthcare. Non-antibiotic antibacterial agents are in high demand for many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including . -targeting phages are among the most promising alternative therapy options.

Targeting EBV Episome for Anti-Cancer Therapy: Emerging Strategies and Challenges.

As a ubiquitous human pathogen, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has established lifelong persistent infection in about 95% of the adult population. The EBV infection is associated with approximately 200,000 human cancer cases and 140,000 deaths per year. The presence of EBV in tumor cells provides a unique advantage in targeting the viral genome (also known as episome), to develop anti-cancer therapeutics.

Structural Analysis of Inhibitor Binding to Enterovirus-D68 3C Protease.

Enterovirus-D68 (EV68) continues to present as a global health issue causing respiratory illness and outbreaks associated with long-lasting neurological disease, with no antivirals or specific treatment options. The development of antiviral therapeutics, such as small-molecule inhibitors that target conserved proteins like the enteroviral 3C protease, remains to be achieved. While various 3C inhibitors have been investigated, their design does not consider the potential emergence of drug resistance mutations.

Tenofovir and Doravirine Are Potential Reverse-Transcriptase Analogs in Combination with the New Reverse-Transcriptase Translocation Inhibitor (Islatravir) Among Treatment-Experienced Patients in Cameroon: Designing Future Treatment Strategies for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Islatravir (ISL) is a novel antiretroviral that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase translocation. The M184V mutation, known to reduce ISL's viral susceptibility in vitro, could arise from prolonged exposure to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (3TC). This study evaluated the predictive efficacy of ISL and identified potentially active antiretrovirals in combination among treatment-experienced patients in Cameroon, where NRTIs (3TC) have been the backbone of ART for decades now.

Two Years of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Genomic Evolution in Brazil (2022-2024): Subvariant Tracking and Assessment of Regional Sequencing Efforts.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has undergone significant genetic evolution since its emergence in 2019. This study examines the genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil after the worst phase of the pandemic, the wider adoption of routine vaccination, and the abolishment of other non-pharmacological preventive measures from July 2022 to July 2024 using 55,951 sequences retrieved from the GISAID database. The analysis focuses on the correlation between confirmed COVID-19 cases, sequencing efforts across Brazilian states, and the distribution and evolution of viral lineages.

Plant Compounds Inhibit the Growth of W12 Cervical Precancer Cells Containing Episomal or Integrant HPV DNA; Tanshinone IIA Synergizes with Curcumin in Cervical Cancer Cells.

This study explores the effects of plant compounds on human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced W12 cervical precancer cells and bioelectric signaling. The aim is to identify effective phytochemicals, both individually and in combination, that can prevent and treat HPV infection and HPV associated cervical cancer. Phytochemicals were tested using growth inhibition, combination, gene expression, RT PCR, and molecular docking assays.

Exploiting the Achilles' Heel of Viral RNA Processing to Develop Novel Antivirals.

Treatment options for viral infections are limited and viruses have proven adept at evolving resistance to many existing therapies, highlighting a significant vulnerability in our defenses. In response to this challenge, we explored the modulation of cellular RNA metabolic processes as an alternative paradigm to antiviral development. Previously, the small molecule 5342191 was identified as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication by altering viral RNA accumulation at doses that minimally affect host gene expression.