Flotillins in membrane trafficking and physiopathology.

Flotillin 1 and 2 are highly conserved and homologous members of the stomatin, prohibitin, flotillin, HflK/C (SPFH) family. These ubiquitous proteins assemble into hetero-oligomers at the cytoplasmic membrane in sphingolipid-enriched domains. Flotillins play crucial roles in various cellular processes, likely by concentrating sphingosine.

Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling by palmitoylation.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), consisting of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, cytosolic DNA sensors, and NOD-like receptors, sense exogenous pathogenic molecules and endogenous damage signals to maintain physiological homeostasis. Upon activation, PRRs stimulate the sensitization of nuclear factor κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, TANK-binding kinase 1-interferon (IFN) regulatory factor, and inflammasome signaling pathways to produce inflammatory factors and IFNs to activate Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways, resulting in anti-infection, antitumor, and other specific immune responses. Palmitoylation is a crucial type of post-translational modification that reversibly alters the localization, stability, and biological activity of target molecules.

Barley is a potential trap crop for root parasitic broomrape weeds.

Root parasitic broomrape ( and spp.) weeds cause devastating damage to agricultural production all around the world. The seeds of broomrapes germinate when they are exposed to germination stimulants, mainly strigolactones (SLs), released from the roots of any plant species; however, broomrapes parasitize only dicot plants.

Alaska's Flora as a Treatment for Cancer.

Cancer is an extraordinarily complex illness, with many tumors ultimately developing resistance to the currently available therapeutics. This highlights a need for the discovery of new anticancer medicines. Natural products have been utilized for centuries by the indigenous people of Alaska for both spiritual and medicinal purposes and have traditionally been administered as medicine for a wide range of ailments from the common cold to cancer.

Intrinsic Gene Expression Correlates of the Biophysically Modeled Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool to identify the structural and functional correlates of neurological illness but provides limited insight into molecular neurobiology. Using rat genetic models of autism spectrum disorder, we show that image texture-processed neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) diffusion MRI possesses an intrinsic relationship with gene expression that corresponds to the biophysically modeled cellular compartments of the NODDI diffusion signal. Specifically, we demonstrate that neurite density index and orientation dispersion index signals are correlated with intracellular and extracellular gene expression, respectively.

polysaccharides alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease through enhancing hepatocyte RelA/ HNF1α signaling.

Background: polysaccharides (BSP) have antioxidant, immune regulation, and anti-fibrotic activities. However, the therapeutic effect and mechanisms underlying the action of BSP in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have not been fully understood.

Aim: To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of BSP on MASLD by centering on the hepatocyte nuclear factor kappa B p65 (RelA)/hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1α) signaling.

Mild liver injury following withdrawal of long-term prednisone therapy: A case report.

Background: Liver injury manifesting as hepatic enzyme abnormalities, has been occasionally identified to be a feature of primary or secondary Addison's disease, an uncommon endocrine disease characterized by adrenal insufficiency. There have been no more than 30 reported cases of liver injury explicitly attributed to Addison's disease. Liver injury resulting from adrenal insufficiency due to glucocorticoid withdrawal is exceptionally rarer.

Innovative epitopes in Protein-A an immuno-informatics approach to combat MDR-MRSA infections.

Background: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) poses a significant challenge in clinical environments due to its resistance to standard antibiotics. Protein A (SpA), a crucial virulence factor of MRSA, undermines host immune responses, making it an attractive target for vaccine development. This study aimed to identify potential epitopes within SpA that could elicit robust immune responses, ultimately contributing to the combat against multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRSA.

Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models.

Objectives: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident lymphocytes that have vital roles in activating further immune responses. However, due to their tumor-induced diversity, we decided to examine ILCs, T cells, and the associated cytokines in mouse models of breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: 4T1 and MC4-L2 cells were used to induce triple-negative and hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, respectively.

Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury.

Objectives: Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.

Advancements in targeted and immunotherapy strategies for glioma: toward precision treatment.

In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in cancer therapy, particularly with the development of molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies, owing to advances in tumor molecular biology and molecular immunology. High-grade gliomas (HGGs), characterized by their high malignancy, remain challenging to treat despite standard treatment regimens, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields (TTF). These therapies provide limited efficacy, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies.

Specific modulation of 28S_Um2402 rRNA 2'--ribose methylation as a novel epitranscriptomic marker of ZEB1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in different mammary cell contexts.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells. EMT programs exhibit great diversity, based primarily on the distinct impact of molecular activities of the EMT transcription factors. Using a panel of cancer cell lines and a series of 71 triple-negative primary breast tumors, we report that the EMT transcription factor ZEB1 modulates site-specific chemical modifications of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Genomic evaluation of phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility patterns as a surrogate for MRSA relatedness and putative transmission during outbreak investigations.

Antibiograms have been used during outbreak investigations for decades as a surrogate for genetic relatedness of Methicillin-resistant (MRSA). In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of antibiograms in detecting transmission, using genomic epidemiology as the reference standard. We analysed epidemiological and genomic data from 1,465 patients and 1,465 MRSA isolates collected at a single clinical microbiology laboratory in the United Kingdom over a one-year period.

Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation to Definitive Endoderm As a Model of Heterogeneity Onset During Germ Layer Specification.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine thanks to their ability to self-renew and differentiate into somatic cells and the germline. ESCs correspond to pluripotent epiblast - the tissue from which the following three germ layers originate during embryonic gastrulation: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Importantly, ESCs can be induced to differentiate toward various cell types by varying culture conditions, which can be exploited for modeling of developmental processes such as gastrulation.

Peptide Mimicking Loop II of the Human Epithelial Protein SLURP-2 Enhances the Viability and Migration of Skin Keratinocytes.

The secreted human protein SLURP-2 is a regulator of epithelial homeostasis, which enhances the viability and migration of keratinocytes. The targets of SLURP-2 in keratinocytes are nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. This work is devoted to the search for the SLURP-2 functional regions responsible for enhancing keratinocyte viability and migration.

high-content screening reveals miR-429 as a protective molecule in photoreceptor degeneration.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration and irreversible vision loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with post-transcriptional regulatory properties, are known to play a major role in retinal function, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Given their ability to simultaneously modulate multiple molecular pathways, miRNAs represent promising therapeutic tools for disorders with high genetic heterogeneity, such as IRDs.

Spatiotemporal analysis of the effects of exercise on the hemodynamics of the aorta in hypertensive rats using fluid-structure interaction simulation.

Background And Objective: Hemodynamic changes that lead to increased blood pressure represent the main drivers of organ damage in hypertension. Prolonged increases to blood pressure can lead to vascular remodeling, which also affects vascular hemodynamics during the pathogenesis of hypertension. Exercise is beneficial for relieving hypertension, however the mechanistic link between exercise training and how it influences hemodynamics in the context of hypertension is not well understood.

Association between genetic variants in hsa-miR-27a and hsa-miR-146a genes and male infertility.

Background: miRNAs have enormous potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets in male infertility and diseases of the reproductive system. This study aimed to investigate the association between the two functional genetic variants in the hsa-miR27a (rs2910164) and hsa-miR-146a gene (rs895819) and male infertility in North Macedonian population, as well as to test their association with the values of major seminal parameters.

Methods: The case group included in this study comprised 158 men initially diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility.

Revolutionizing ovarian cancer therapy by drug repositioning for accelerated and cost-effective treatments.

Drug repositioning, the practice of identifying novel applications for existing drugs beyond their originally intended medical indications, stands as a transformative strategy revolutionizing pharmaceutical productivity. In contrast to conventional drug development approaches, this innovative method has proven to be exceptionally effective. This is particularly relevant for cancer therapy, where the demand for groundbreaking treatments continues to grow.

IDH-mutant gliomas in children and adolescents - from biology to clinical trials.

Gliomas account for nearly 30% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children and adolescents and young adults (AYA), contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. The updated molecular classification of gliomas defines molecularly diverse subtypes with a spectrum of tumors associated with age-distinct incidence. In adults, gliomas are characterized by the presence or absence of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (), with mutated (mIDH) gliomas providing favorable outcomes and avenues for targeted therapy with the emergence of mIDH inhibitors.

Chemotaxonomy and Bioactive Potential of High-Mountain Plantago atrata.

Plantago atrata Hoppe is a high-altitude mountain plant exposed to harsh environmental factors. This study aims to elucidate the ecological, phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of this lesser-known plantain. Despite nutrient-poor peat soil, the leaves of P.

Context-specific eQTLs provide deeper insight into causal genes underlying shared genetic architecture of critically ill COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Most genetic variants identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are suspected to be regulatory in nature, but only a small fraction colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs, variants associated with expression of a gene). Therefore, it is hypothesized but largely untested that integration of disease GWAS with context-specific eQTLs will reveal the underlying genes driving disease associations. We used colocalization and transcriptomic analyses to identify shared genetic variants and likely causal genes associated with critically ill COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

A DOF transcriptional repressor-gibberellin feedback loop plays a crucial role in modulating light-independent seed germination.

Plants evolved several strategies to cope with the ever-changing environment. One example of this is given by seed germination, which must occur when environmental conditions are suitable for plant life. In the model system Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination is induced by light; however in nature, seeds of several plant species can germinate regardless of this stimulus.