An ecological-evolutionary perspective on the genomic diversity and habitat preferences of the .

Members of the phylum inhabit a wide range of ecosystems including soils. We analysed the global patterns of distribution and habitat preferences of various lineages across major ecosystems (soil, engineered, host-associated, marine, non-marine saline and alkaline and terrestrial non-soil ecosystems) in 248 559 publicly available metagenomic datasets. Classes , , and were highly ubiquitous and showed a clear preference to soil over non-soil habitats, while classes and showed preferences to non-soil habitats.

Isolation of Soil Microorganisms Using iChip Technology.

The iChip isolation technique uses an in-situ isolation device that increases the cultivability of previously unculturable microorganisms. Microorganisms are an important source of novel chemistries and potentially bioactive molecules. However, only 1% of environmental microorganisms can be cultured using conventional laboratory methods.

Adaptive Immunity Determines the Cancer Treatment Outcome of Oncolytic Virus and Anti-PD-1.

The immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-programmed death protein-1 (anti-PD-1), enhances adaptive immunity to kill tumor cells, and the oncolytic virus (OV) triggers innate immunity to clear the infected tumor cells. We create a mathematical model to investigate how the interaction between adaptive and innate immunities under OV and anti-PD-1 affects tumor reduction. For different immunity strength, we create the corresponding virtual baseline patients and cohort patients to decipher the major factors determining the treatment outcome.

Eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticle biosynthesis powered by probiotic bacteria.

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology, particularly in the realm of pharmaceutical sciences, has significantly transformed the potential for treating life-threatening diseases. A pivotal aspect of this evolution is the emergence of "green nanotechnology," which emphasizes the environmentally sustainable synthesis of raw materials through biological processes. This review focuses on the biological synthesis and application of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) from probiotic bacteria, particularly those sourced from wastewater.

Environmental desiccation stress induces viable but non culturable state in Neisseria meningitidis.

Environmental factors play a crucial role in bacterial virulence. During transmission, in a non-host environment bacteria are exposed to various environmental stress which could alter bacterial physiology and virulence. N.

Biogenic silver nanoparticle as an adjuvant in an S1 subunit recombinant vaccine.

Adjuvants are crucial for maintaining specific, protective, and long-lasting immunity. Here, we aimed to evaluate the antigenic and immunogenic activity of a recombinant form of the S1 domain of the Spike protein, associated with biogenic silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNP) and Alhydrogel as an alternative and conventional adjuvant, respectively, for a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine. We produced and evaluated the antigenicity of the recombinant S1 (rS1) protein by testing its recognition by antibodies present in SARS-CoV-2 positive human serum.

Bioactivities of secondary metabolites of two actinomycetes Streptomyces parvulus GloL3, and Streptomyces lienomycini SK5, endophytes of two Indian medicinal herbs- Globba marantina L. and Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun.

Endophytic actinomycetes are potential sources of novel pharmaceutically active metabolites, significantly advancing natural product research. In the present investigation, secondary metabolites from two endophytic actinomycetes, Streptomyces parvulus GloL3, and Streptomyces lienomycini SK5, isolated from medicinal plant taxa, Globba marantina, and Selaginella kraussiana, exhibited broad-spectrum bioactivity. Ethyl Acetate (EA) extract of SK5 showed antimicrobial activity against nine human pathogens, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida tropicalis, and C.

An assessment of plant growth and physiological responses in annual crops grown in P deficient soils inoculated with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the growth and physiology of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Zea mays L. in the Brazilian tropical seasonal dry forest is not well known.

Co-infections of rickettsiales in clinically healthy, Leishmania infantum seropositive and seronegative dogs: a systematic literature review and new findings from Southern Italy.

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is a widespread vector-borne disease. In Italy, an endemic region for CanL, overlapping transmission of L. infantum and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) like Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia canis is increasingly reported.

Characterization of the host specificity of the SH3 cell wall binding domain of the staphylococcal phage 88 endolysin.

Bacteriophages produce endolysins at the end of the lytic cycle, which are crucial for lysing the host cells and releasing virion progeny. This lytic feature allows endolysins to act as effective antimicrobial alternatives when applied exogenously. Staphylococcal endolysins typically possess a modular structure with one or two enzymatically active N-terminal domains (EADs) and a C-terminal cell wall binding domain (CBD).

sp. nov., isolated from the faecal sample of a zoo animal, .

Strain NoAH (=KACC 23135=JCM 35999), a novel Gram-negative, motile bacterium with a rod-shaped morphology, was isolated from the zoo animal faecal samples, specifically the long-tailed goral species . The novel bacterial strain grew optimally in a nutrient broth medium under the following conditions: 1-2% (w/v) NaCl, pH 7-8 and 30 °C. The strain NoAH exhibited high tolerance to NaCl, with the ability to tolerate up to 7% (w/v) NaCl.

Long-Term Outcome of Chronic Hepatitis B-Histological Score and Viral Genotype Are Important Predictors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Current guidelines to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are based on risk assessments that include age, sex, and virological and biochemical parameters. The study aim was to investigate the impact of predictive markers on long-term outcomes. The clinical outcomes of 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B were investigated 30 years after a baseline assessment that included liver biopsy.

International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of : minutes of the closed meeting, Zoom meeting, 24 September 2024.

Subcommittee on the taxonomy of : minutes of the closed meeting, Zoom meeting, 24 September 2024.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor with multiple lesions in a patient with AIDS.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMTs) represent a rare category of soft tissue tumors that are predominantly seen in individuals with compromised immune systems. Pathologically, EBV-SMT has malignant potential because of its unpredictable nature. These tumors can manifest at various anatomical sites or even multiple lesions in different locations.

Tetraspanins 10 and 15 support Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replication in astrocytoma cells.

Tetraspanins (Tspans) are transmembrane proteins that coordinate life cycle steps of viruses from distinct families. Here, we identify the human Tspan10 and Tspan15, both members of the TspanC8 subfamily, as replication factors for alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) in astrocytoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated silencing of TspanC8 interactor a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) reduced VEEV infection.

With a little help from my friends: importance of protist-protist interactions in structuring marine protistan communities in the San Pedro Channel.

Unlabelled: Marine protists form complex communities that are shaped by environmental and biological ecosystem properties, as well as ecological interactions between organisms. While all of these factors play a role in shaping protistan communities, the specific ways in which these properties and interactions influence protistan communities remain poorly understood. Fourteen years and 9 months of eukaryotic amplicon (18S-V4 rRNA gene) data collected monthly at the San Pedro Ocean Time-series (SPOT) station were used to evaluate the impacts that environmental and biological factors, and protist-protist interactions had on protistan community composition.

Two new enzymes that liberate undecaprenyl-phosphate to replenish the carrier lipid pool during envelope stress.

The 55-carbon isoprenoid, undecaprenyl-phosphate (UndP), is a universal carrier lipid that ferries most glycans and glycopolymers across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria. In addition to peptidoglycan precursors, UndP transports O-antigen, capsule, wall teichoic acids, and sugar modifications. How this shared but limited lipid is distributed among competing pathways is just beginning to be elucidated.

Evidence that staphylococcal superantigens promote within-patient bacterial persistence following post-operative surgical site infection.

is a predominant cause of post-operative surgical site infections and persistent bacteremia. Here, we describe a patient who experienced three episodes of infection over a period of 4 months following a total knee arthroplasty. The initial bloodstream isolate (SAB-0429) was a clonal complex 5 (CC5) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA), whereas two subsequent isolates (SAB-0485 and SAB-0495) were CC5 isolates but methicillin-sensitive .

Human-derived microRNA 21 regulates indole and L-tryptophan biosynthesis transcripts in the gut commensal .

Unlabelled: In the gut, microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by intestinal epithelial cells are secreted into the lumen and can shape the composition and function of the gut microbiome. Crosstalk between gut microbes and the host plays a key role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases, yet little is known about how the miRNA-gut microbiome axis contributes to the pathogenesis of these conditions. Here, we investigate the ability of miR-21, a miRNA that we found decreased in fecal samples from IBS patients, to associate with and regulate gut microbiome function.

Structural analysis of extracellular ATP-independent chaperones of streptococcal species and protein substrate interactions.

Unlabelled: During infection, bacterial pathogens rely on secreted virulence factors to manipulate the host cell. However, in gram-positive bacteria, the molecular mechanisms underlying the folding and activity of these virulence factors after membrane translocation are not clear. Here, we solved the protein structures of two secreted parvulin and two secreted cyclophilin-like peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) ATP-independent chaperones found in gram-positive streptococcal species.

Multi-omics analysis reveals distinct gene regulatory mechanisms between primary and organoid-derived human hepatocytes.

Hepatic organoid cultures are a powerful model to study liver development and diseases in vitro. However, hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from these organoids remain immature compared to primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), which are the benchmark in the field. Here, we applied integrative single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis to reveal gene regulatory mechanisms underlying these differences.

Proinflammatory synergy between protease and superantigen streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins.

Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins (Spe proteins) secreted by (group A , GAS) are responsible for scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Most Spes are superantigens that cause excessive inflammation by activating large numbers of T cells. However, Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin B (SpeB) is an exception, which is pro-inflammatory through its protease activity.

Two NADPH-dependent 2-ketogluconate reductases involved in 2-ketogluconate assimilation in sp. strain CHM43.

Unlabelled: Incomplete oxidation of glucose by sp. strain CHM43 produces gluconic acid and then 2- or 5-ketogluconic acid. Although 2-keto-D-gluconate (2KG) is a valuable compound, it is sometimes consumed by itself via an unknown metabolic pathway.

Spermidine enhances the heat tolerance of by promoting mitochondrial respiration driven by fatty acid β-oxidation.

Unlabelled: High temperature is an unavoidable environmental stress that generally exerts detrimental effects on organisms and has widespread effects on metabolism. Spermidine is an important member of the polyamines family and is involved in a range of abiotic stress responses in plants. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular homeostasis and are key components of the stress response.

Carbapenem-resistant uses mucus metabolism to facilitate gastrointestinal colonization.

The emergence and global spread of carbapenem-resistant complex species present a pressing public health challenge. Carbapenem-resistant spp. cause a wide variety of infections, including septic shock fatalities in newborns and immunocompromised adults.