Co-isolation of human donor eye cells and development of oncogene-mutated melanocytes to study uveal melanoma.

Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults, arises either de novo from normal choroidal melanocytes (NCMs) or from pre-existing nevi that stem from NCMs and are thought to harbor UM-initiating mutations, most commonly in GNAQ or GNA11. However, there are no commercially available NCM cell lines, nor is there a detailed protocol for developing an oncogene-mutated CM line (MutCM) to study UM development. This study aimed to establish and characterize premalignant CM models from human donor eyes to recapitulate the cell populations at the origin of UM.

TREM2 promotes the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a surface receptor predominantly expressed on myeloid cells, is a major hub gene in pathology-induced immune signaling. However, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the role of TREM2 in the tumor microenvironment in the context of HCC progression.

Association of childhood maltreatment and adverse lifetime experiences with post-injury psychopathology: evidence from the China Severe Trauma Cohort.

Background: Adverse life experiences have been associated with increased susceptibilities to psychopathology in later life. However, their impact on psychological responses following physical trauma remains largely unexplored.

Methods: Based on the China Severe Trauma Cohort, we conducted a cohort study of 2937 patients who were admitted to the Trauma Medical Center of West China Hospital between June 2020 and August 2023.

First autochthonous case of Opisthorchis felineus in Austria.

Background: Opisthorchis felineus is a feline pathogen with zoonotic potential that can be a causative agent of human opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. In Europe, O. felineus is particularly endemic in Eastern European countries, while this parasite has also been sporadically detected in Germany, Italy and northern Poland.

MaveDB 2024: a curated community database with over seven million variant effects from multiplexed functional assays.

Multiplexed assays of variant effect (MAVEs) are a critical tool for researchers and clinicians to understand genetic variants. Here we describe the 2024 update to MaveDB ( https://www.mavedb.

Exercise training partly ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in mice during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer.

Introduction: Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat various cancers. Exercise training (ET) can attenuate some cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in tumor-free animals. However, the ET effects on cardiac function and glucose metabolism in DOX-treated breast cancer models remain unclear.

HEMA-free versus HEMA-containing adhesive systems: a systematic review.

Background: Hydrophilic monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-free adhesive systems are gaining increasing popularity nowadays. Although the addition of HEMA to dental adhesives improves dentin wettability and resin diffusion into demineralized collagen fibrils, HEMA's high hydrophilicity can lead to hydrolytic degradation of the adhesive interface. Thus, HEMA-free adhesive systems have been developed.

Psoriasis increases the risk of Sjögren's syndrome: evidence from a propensity score-matched cohort study and transcriptomic analysis.

Background: Despite the well-documented immune dysregulation in both psoriasis and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), the specific link between these two autoimmune diseases has not been extensively explored. The present study aims to investigate the impact of psoriasis on the risk of SS.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using TriNetX data compared SS development in patients with psoriasis and controls using propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox models.

Deep learning for the classification of atrial fibrillation using wavelet transform-based visual images.

Background: As the incidence and prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) proliferate worldwide, the condition has become the epicenter of a plethora of ECG diagnostic research. In recent diagnostic methodologies, Morse Continuous Wavelet Transform (MsCWT) is a feature extraction technique utilized to draw out distinctive attributes of ECG signals. In our study, we explore the employment of MsCWT in the classification of AF with ECG signals in a continuum.

Self-medication pattern among medical students in Middle Delta, Egypt.

Background: Self- medication leading to wastage of limited resources in developing countries, prolonged suffering, increase resistance to drugs and may result in significant medical complications such as adverse drug responses and dependence. Self-medication is extensively used by health professionals. Undergraduate medical students as being the future physicians representing a main pillar in health care system thus have special significance.

Machine learning models for dementia screening to classify brain amyloid positivity on positron emission tomography using blood markers and demographic characteristics: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Intracerebral amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation is considered the initial observable event in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Efficient screening for amyloid pathology is critical for identifying patients for early treatment. This study developed machine learning models to classify positron emission tomography (PET) Aβ-positivity in participants with preclinical and prodromal AD using data accessible to primary care physicians.

WKB ameliorates DSS-induced colitis through inhibiting enteric glial cells activation and altering the intestinal microbiota.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition influenced by diet, which affects gut microbiota and immune functions. The rising prevalence of IBD, linked to Western diets in developing countries, highlights the need for dietary interventions. This study aimed to assess the impact of white kidney beans (WKB) on gut inflammation and microbiota changes, focusing on their effects on enteric glial cells (EGCs) and immune activity in colitis.

Women's preferences for testing to predict breast cancer risk - a discrete choice experiment.

Background: Risk-based breast cancer screening offers a more targeted and potentially cost-effective approach in cancer detection compared to age-based screening. This study aims to understand women's preferences and willingness for undergoing risk assessment tests.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted.

Distinct subcellular localization of tau and alpha-synuclein in lewy body disease.

Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles, composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau, respectively, often are found together in the same brain and correlate with worsening cognition. Human postmortem studies show colocalization of α-syn and tau occurs in Lewy bodies, but with limited effort to quantify colocalization. In this study, postmortem middle temporal gyrus tissue from decedents (n = 9) without temporal lobe disease (control) or with Lewy body disease (LBD) was immunofluorescently labeled with antibodies to phosphorylated α-syn (p-α-syn), tau phosphorylated at Ser202/Thr205 (p-tau), or exposure of tau's phosphatase-activating domain (PAD-tau) as a marker of early tau aggregates.

The endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 3 attenuates the unfolded protein response and has pro-survival and pro-viral roles in hepatoma cells and hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a frequent malignancy with a poor survival rate. HBV infection results in significant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, a contributing factor to carcinogenesis. As part of the UPR, the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway is responsible for removing the burden of misfolded secretory proteins, to re-establish cellular homeostasis.

Developing a rapid screening tool for high-risk ICU patients of sepsis: integrating electronic medical records with machine learning methods for mortality prediction in hospitalized patients-model establishment, internal and external validation, and visualization.

Objectives: To develop a machine learning-based prediction model using clinical data from the first 24 h of ICU admission to enable rapid screening and early intervention for sepsis patients.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzed electronic medical records of sepsis patients using machine learning methods. We evaluated model performance in predicting sepsis outcomes within the first 24 h of ICU admission across US and Chinese healthcare settings.

Comprehensive single-cell atlas of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases: unraveling tumor microenvironment heterogeneity between primary lesions and metastases.

Background: Colorectal neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases (CRNELM) are associated with a poorer prognosis compared to their nonmetastatic counterparts. A comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity between primary lesions (PL) and liver metastases (LM) could provide crucial insights for enhancing clinical management strategies for these patients.

Methods: We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze fresh tissue samples from CRNELM patients, aiming to elucidate the variations in TME between PL and LM.

Comparative evaluation of several toric intraocular lens calculators for predicting postoperative refractive astigmatism in cataract surgery: a real-world study.

Background: This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the predictive accuracy of six widely used toric intraocular lens (IOL) calculators in eyes undergoing cataract surgery with toric IOL implantation.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 53 eyes of 53 patients that underwent cataract extraction with toric IOL implantation using Zeiss 709 M. Six toric IOL calculators were evaluated: Barrett toric calculator (with predicted PCA, measured PCA, and TK), Kane formula (predicted PCA), and EVO 2.

Genome sequences of four Ixodes species expands understanding of tick evolution.

Background: Ticks, hematophagous Acari, pose a significant threat by transmitting various pathogens to their vertebrate hosts during feeding. Despite advances in tick genomics, high-quality genomes were lacking until recently, particularly in the genus Ixodes, which includes the main vectors of Lyme disease.

Results: Here, we present the genome sequences of four tick species, derived from a single female individual, with a particular focus on the European species Ixodes ricinus, achieving a chromosome-level assembly.

Green sanctuaries: residential green and garden space and the natural environment mitigate mental disorders risk of diabetic patients.

Background: The co-occurrence of diabetes and mental disorders is an exceedingly common comorbidity with poor prognosis. We aim to investigate the impact of green space, garden space, and the natural environment on the risk of mental disorders among the population living with diabetes.

Methods: We performed a longitudinal analysis based on 39,397 participants with diabetes from the UK Biobank.

3D synergistic tumor-liver analysis further improves the efficacy prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-center study.

Background: Besides tumorous information, synergistic liver parenchyma assessments may provide additional insights into the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate whether 3D synergistic tumor-liver analysis could improve the prediction accuracy for HCC prognosis.

Methods: A total of 422 HCC patients from six centers were included.

Exploring the ability of plasma pTau217, pTau181 and beta-amyloid in mirroring cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment by the fully automated Lumipulse platform.

Background: The approval of new disease-modifying therapies by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency makes it necessary to optimize non-invasive and cost-effective tools for the identification of subjects at-risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Dietary supplementation of blend of organic acids and monoglycerides alleviated diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs experimentally infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18.

Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms associated with conventional swine production practices has increased interest in acid-based compounds having antimicrobial properties and other biological functions as nutritional interventions. Despite the interest in organic acids and monoglycerides, few studies have examined the effects of the combination of these acid-based additives in weaned pigs under disease challenge conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with blend of organic acids and/or medium-chain fatty acid monoglycerides on intestinal health and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18 at 4-week of age.