Medicaid and the Promise for Cure.

Importance: Cell and gene therapies are revolutionizing the treatment landscape for children and adults with rare diseases and can be life-changing for patients and their families. Successful implementation of these new therapies into clinical practice depends on their accessibility and affordability, particularly through publicly funded Medicaid agencies, which cover many children and adults with rare diseases.

Objective: To provide a framework to broadly assess cell and gene therapies, evaluate payment options, and ensure equitable access through the lens of publicly funded Medicaid programs.

Smoking Cessation Interventions in the Lung Cancer Screening Setting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The optimal configuration of a smoking cessation intervention in a lung cancer screening (LCS) setting has not yet been established.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 3 tobacco treatment strategies of increasing integration and intensity in the LCS setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this randomized clinical trial, LCS-eligible current smokers were randomized into 3 treatments: quitline (QL), QL plus (QL+), or integrated care (IC).

Global Prevalence of Sexual Violence Against Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Sexual violence against children is a global concern, yet worldwide figures of its prevalence are scant.

Objective: To estimate the global prevalence of sexual violence against children using national-level population-based studies.

Data Sources: We searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ERIC, and APA PsycArticles databases from their respective inceptions to March 2022.

Visual Performance and Predictive OCT Biomarkers in Epiretinal Membrane Assessment: Beyond Distance Visual Acuity.

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively assess visual performance in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM). Additionally, it sought to explore the associations between optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging biomarkers and visual performance in patients with iERM.

Methods: In this prospective, non-interventional study, 57 participants with treatment-naïve iERM from the University of Turin, between September 2023 and March 2024 were enrolled.

Oral Supplements and Photoprotection: A Systematic Review.

Photoprotective effects of various nutritional components and supplements have been demonstrated in animal and studies. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the photoprotective effects of various dietary supplements. A systematic review of studies assessing dietary supplements on photoprotective outcomes was performed.

Antiviral Medications for Treatment of Nonsevere Influenza: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Importance: The optimal antiviral drug for treatment of nonsevere influenza remains unclear.

Objective: To compare effects of antiviral drugs for treating nonsevere influenza.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Global Health, Epistemonikos, and ClinicalTrials.

Longitudinal FDG-PET Metabolic Change Along the Lewy Body Continuum.

Importance: Although 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a well-established cross-sectional biomarker of brain metabolism in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the longitudinal change in FDG-PET has not been characterized.

Objective: To investigate longitudinal FDG-PET in prodromal DLB and DLB, including a subsample with autopsy data, and report estimated sample sizes for a hypothetical clinical trial in DLB.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Longitudinal case-control study with mean (SD) follow-up of 3.

McGrath MAC Versus Three-Dimensional Printed Video Laryngoscopes: A Randomized, Manikin-Simulated Noninferiority Controlled Study with Medical Students.

Background: Proficiency in endotracheal intubation (ETI) is essential for medical professionals and its training should start at medical schools; however, large caseload may be required before achieving an acceptable success rate with direct laryngoscopy. Video laryngoscopy has proven to be an easier alternative for intubation with a faster learning curve, but its availability in medical training may be an issue due to its high market prices. We devised a low-cost 3-dimensionally printed video laryngoscope (3DVL) and performed a randomized trial to evaluate if the intubation success rate on the first attempt with this device is noninferior to a standard commercially available video laryngoscope (STVL).

Real-World Evaluation of i-gel Introduction on Intraoperative Airway-Related Safety Events: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a New England Hospital Network.

Background: Several health care networks have fully adopted second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) i-gel. Real-world evidence of enhanced patient safety after such practice change is lacking. We hypothesized that the implementation of i-gel compared to the previous LMA®-Unique™ would be associated with a lower risk of airway-related safety events.

Barriers to Buprenorphine: A Case Series of Misadventures Implementing a Prehospital Buprenorphine Protocol.

While several studies have focused on preliminary data and outcomes associated with prehospital buprenorphine administration interventions, to date there has been little discussion of the challenges experienced during the initial implementation of a prehospital buprenorphine protocol. In this case series we examine 3 separate patient encounters with different crews, patients, and receiving emergency medicine (EM) physicians, which highlight initial challenges experienced with implementing the first prehospital buprenorphine program in a rural Appalachian County within South Carolina. In 2 cases we highlight conflicts that may require collegial intervention and education of local receiving EM physicians regarding the new prehospital protocol.

Accuracy of Automated External Defibrillator Pad Placement During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Simulations.

Objectives: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims receiving defibrillation from an automated external defibrillator (AED) placed early in the chain of survival are more likely to survive. We sought to explore the accuracy of AED pad placement for lay rescuers (LR) and first responders (FR).

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected during randomized OHCA simulation trials involving LRs and FRs.

Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment and Changes in Neural Network Dynamics: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesize the current literature on the association between chemotherapy (CTX) and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) with functional and structural brain alterations in patients with noncentral nervous system cancers.

Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted, and results were reported following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses guidelines. Data on study design, comparison cohort characteristics, patient demographics, cancer type, CTX agents, neuroimaging methods, structural and functional connectivity (FC) changes, and cognitive/psychological assessments in adult patients were extracted and reported.

Safety and Efficacy of IV Onasemnogene Abeparvovec for Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Phase 3b SMART Study.

Background And Objectives: Safety and efficacy of IV onasemnogene abeparvovec has been demonstrated for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) weighing <8.5 kg. SMART was the first clinical trial to evaluate onasemnogene abeparvovec for participants weighing 8.

The assessment of exhaled nitric oxide in patients with obesity and asthma before and after exercise.

Objective: It is well known that children who suffer from obesity and asthma may also have exercise-induced bronchospasm. Exhaled nitric oxide is an indicator of airway inflammation, and could be affected by exercise. This study looked at how exercise, which is a typical cause of acute airway obstruction, affects the levels of FeNO and in obese and asthmatic children.