Breathlessness dimensions should be evaluated in relation to the level of exertion: a clinical study.

Background/aim: Exertional breathlessness is a dominating symptom in cardiorespiratory disease, limiting exercise capacity. Multidimensional measurement has been proposed to capture breathlessness, but it is unknown whether it is useful to differentiate people with abnormal vs normal exertional breathlessness intensity.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of outpatients aged ≥18 years performing a symptom-limited cycle incremental exercise test (IET).

Iron-based driven chitosan quaternary ammonium salt self-gelling powder: Sealing uncontrollable bleeding and promoting wound healing.

Uncontrollable bleeding poses a significant risk of death and cost in wars, vehicle accidents, and first aid. Hence, in order to seal uncontrollable bleeding and promote wound healing, the Fe-driven chitosan quaternary ammonium salt self-gelling powder (QPF) was prepared using 5%QCS/AA/Fe with the 52.72 % ± 0.

Boric acid-substituted phthalocyanine/ciprofloxacin co-assembled nanoparticles for constructing bacteria-responsive intelligent wound dressings with synergistic therapy and recognition of bacterial infections.

In contemporary times, the waning effectiveness of antibiotics against bacterial infections is progressively giving rise to significant concerns in public health. Although photodynamic technology possesses a potent ability to deactivate bacteria, its non-selective attack on normal cells poses potential side effects. Hence, in this study, a boric acid-substituted phthalocyanine photosensitizer (BAPc) was synthesized, exhibiting remarkable bacterial targeting capability.

Recent progress in polysaccharide microsphere-based hemostatic material for intravascular and extravascular hemostasis: A review.

Hemorrhage, a common consequence of diseases, surgical procedures, and traffic accidents, poses a significant threat to public health. Effective hemostasis is crucial for patient survival and prognosis, particular in case of internal bleeding. While polysaccharide microsphere-based hemostatic materials have gained clinical acceptance due to their effectiveness, good biocompatibility, and versatility in both intravascular and extravascular hemostasis, they are limited by their single function and insufficient hemostatic properties.

Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan composite film with cassia oil encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin and its application in fresh banana.

In this study, composite films were developed by encapsulating cassia oil (CO) with β-cyclodextrin through a microencapsulation technique and incorporating it into a chitosan (CS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol matrix. The primary objective of the film was to inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of fresh bananas and extend their shelf life. Characterization methods were employed to evaluate the physical properties and functionality of the composite films.

Whole-brain gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy of the posterior thalamic radiation and sagittal stratum in healthy adults correlate with the local environment.

The impacts of air pollution, local climate, and urbanization on human health have been well-documented in recent studies. In this study, we combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain analysis with a questionnaire survey on the local environment in 141 healthy middle-aged men and women. Our findings reveal that a favorable environment is positively correlated with gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal and occipital lobes, cerebellum, and whole brain, as well as with fractional anisotropy (FA) in the fornix (including the fornix stria terminalis), posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), sagittal stratum (SS), and whole brain.

Effect of formulation composition on trastuzumab stability.

For monoclonal antibody drug products as for other biologics, while the innovator drug products first becomes commercially available, they are often followed by one or more biosimilar products. These biosimilars often differ from the innovator product, as well as from each other, in their formulation composition. However, the impact of the formulation composition on the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient subjected to different 'stresses' is still not understood.

Synergistic antimicrobial efficacy of phage cocktails and essential oils against Escherichia coli.

This study was designed to evaluate the combined antimicrobial activity of selected phage cocktail (MS2+T7 phages) and essential oils (cinnamon, clove, oregano, and thymol) against Escherichia coli ATCC 15597. To select most effective phages, the lytic abilities of individual phages (MS2, phiX174, and T7) and their phage combinations were assessed using the phage spot test and plaque assay at various multiplicity of infections (MOIs) ranging from 0.01 to 100.

Hexahistidine-metal assembly encapsulated fibroblast growth factor 21 for lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a spectrum of potentially fatal conditions that currently lack effective drug treatment. Recent researches suggest that Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) may protect against ALI/ARDS. However, the clinical use of FGF21 is limited by its rapid degradation, restricted targeting capabilities, and numerous adverse effects.

A Comparison of Endoscopic and Surgical Gastrojejunostomy in Patients with Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A National Cohort Analysis (2016-2020).

Background And Aims: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) is an unfortunate complication of advanced upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Historically, surgical gastrojejunostomy has been the procedure of choice to achieve enteral bypass. Recently, endoscopic techniques have gained popularity in the management of MGOO.

Antimicrobial resistance on Ships: A Narrative review.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global health challenge, particularly in maritime environments where unique conditions foster its emergence and spread. Characterized by confined spaces, high population density, and extensive global mobility, ships create a setting ripe for the development and dissemination of resistant pathogens. This review aims to analyse the contributing factors, epidemiological challenges, mitigation strategies specific to AMR on ships and to propose future research directions, bridging a significant gap in the literature.

A fatal case of enterovirus A71-induced meningoencephalitis following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major pathogen responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in infants and children. EV-A71 infection represents an epidemic in the Asia-Pacific region, and can cause serious central nervous system (CNS) infections in immunocompromised patients that can result in paralysis, disability, or death. There have been few reports in the literature concerning EV-A71 CNS infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in adult patients.

Preoperative Medication for Ovarian Endometrioma Reduces Cyst Size and PainBut Not rASRM score.

Study Subject: To investigate the impact of preoperative hormonal medication, including combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or dienogest, on operative findings in ovarian endometrioma surgery.

Design: A single-center, retrospective study.

Setting: Department of Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Republic of Korea.

GRP78: A New Promising Candidate in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health challenge, marked by varying incidence and mortality rates across different regions. The pathogenesis of CRC involves multiple stages, including initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis, influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors. The chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), crucial in regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, plays a pivotal role in CRC pathogenesis.

Differences in treatment outcome between translational platforms in developing therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.

The variability in translational models profoundly impacts the outcomes and predictive value of preclinical studies for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer treatments. Preclinical models, including 2D cell cultures, 3D organoids, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), and animal models, provide distinct advantages and limitations in replicating the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of human cancers. Each model's unique biological and structural differences contribute to discrepancies in treatment responses, challenging the direct translation of experimental results to clinical settings.

Trace amine signaling in zebrafish models: CNS pharmacology, behavioral regulation and translational relevance.

Tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, octopamine and other trace amines are endogenous substances recently recognized as important novel neurotransmitters in the brain. Trace amines act via multiple selective trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) of the G protein-coupled receptor family. TAARs are expressed in various brain regions and modulate neurotransmission, neuronal excitability, adult neurogenesis, cognition, mood, locomotor activity and olfaction.

Investigation of the participation of the TRPV1 receptor in the irritant effect of dithranol in mice.

Dithranol is one of the most effective topical medications for treating plaque psoriasis. However, its clinical use is limited by irritative adverse reactions to the skin, such as oedema, erythema, and pruritus, caused by poorly understood mechanisms. Because TRPV1 activation mediates skin irritation caused by several drugs, we conducted blind and randomised experiments in male and female C57BL/6 mice to elucidate the role of TRPV1 in dithranol-induced irritation.

hESC-derived extracellular vesicles enriched with MFGE-8 and the GSH redox system act as senotherapeutics for neural stem cells in ischemic stroke.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold significant potential for tissue repair and regeneration. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain often acquire senescent phenotypes after ischemic injuries, releasing neurodegenerative senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors. In this study, we investigated the senotherapeutic effects of hESC-EVs on NSCs and confirmed their neuroprotective effects in neurons via rejuvenation of NSC secretions.

The Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Color Map for Evaluating a Large Ischemic Core.

Introduction: Our previous work demonstrated that evaluating large ischemic cores using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) could predict EVT outcomes, with the most frequent ADC (peak ADC) ≥520×10 mm/s associated with better clinical results. Since the degree of ADC reduction reflects the severity of ischemic stress, this study aimed to assess the utility of an ADC color map in visualizing this stress.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with a low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) who underwent successful EVT recanalization between April 2014 and March 2023.

Targeting HNRNPA2B1 to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance in Gastric Cancer Stem Cells: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly due to the resistance of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) to chemotherapy. This study investigates the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), in modulating mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and contributing to chemoresistance in GCSCs. Through extensive analysis of tumor cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets, HNRNPA2B1 was identified as a key regulator in GCSCs, correlating with poor prognosis and enhanced resistance to chemoresistance.

Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Implants for the Rehabilitations of Lateral Incisors Agenesis - a case series.

Background: Tooth agenesis, particularly the absence of upper lateral incisors, presents substantial challenges for clinicians due to the associated bone atrophy, which limits the use of traditional implant solutions. Current options, such as endosseous implants combined with guided bone regeneration (GBR), often fail due to insufficient osseointegration in atrophic bone. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of custom-made, additively manufactured subperiosteal implants in addressing these challenges METHODS: This retrospective study assessed 16 custom-made subperiosteal implants used in 12 patients (10 females, 2 males; mean age 25 ± 2.

The effect of maternal risk factors during pregnancy on children's motor development at 5-6 years.

Background And Aims: Maternal diet and health may influence a child's later neurodevelopment. We investigated the effect of maternal diet, adiposity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and depressive/anxiety symptoms during pregnancy on the child's motor outcome at 5-6 years.

Methods: The motor performance of 159 children of women with overweight or obesity (pre-pregnancy body mass index 25-29.