Health Expenditures of Patients With Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery: Comparing Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) differ in their effects on body weight and risk for reoperation. However, it is unclear whether long-term health expenditures differ by procedure type in patients with diabetes.

Objective: To compare health expenditures 3 years before and 5.

Guidelines International Network: Principles for Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Guideline Enterprise.

Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been defined by the High-Level Expert Group on AI of the European Commission as "systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions-with some degree of autonomy-to achieve specific goals." Artificial intelligence has the potential to support guideline planning, development and adaptation, reporting, implementation, impact evaluation, certification, and appraisal of recommendations, which we will refer to as "guideline enterprise." Considering this potential, as well as the lack of guidance for the use of AI in guidelines, the Guidelines International Network (GIN) proposes a set of principles for the development and use of AI tools or processes to support the health guideline enterprise.

The Perspective of Brief Admission Users on Health-Promoting Behaviors Based on Pender's Model - A Directed Content Analysis.

Patient-Initiated Brief Admission (PIBA) is perceived as a constructive intervention. It remains uncertain whether PIBA contributes to healthier behaviors among its users. To comprehend patients' motivation to engage in health-promoting behaviors, it is essential to understand how various nursing interventions influence the behavior-specific thoughts and feelings that lead to healthy behaviors.

Dural perforation and life-threatening central nervous system complications associated with septic arthritis of the lumbar facet joint: illustrative case.

Background: Septic arthritis of the lumbar facet joint (SALFJ) is a rare condition that can lead to serious complications. The authors present an uncommon case in which SALFJ resulted in bacterial meningitis (BM) with hydrocephalus and pyogenic ventriculitis, causing a disturbance of consciousness. Reports describing perforation of the dura mater by an epidural abscess are rare, and the present case offers valuable insights into the management of complex and severe complications arising from SALFJ.

Effectiveness of Frequent Point-of-Care Molecular COVID-19 Surveillance in a Rural Workplace: Nonrandomized Controlled Clinical Trial Among Miners.

Background: Numerous studies have assessed the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and infection among health care workers during the pandemic. However, far fewer studies have investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on essential workers in other sectors. Moreover, guidance for maintaining a safely operating workplace in sectors outside of health care remains limited.

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions With Large Ischemic Strokes: Insights From the SELECT2 Trial.

Background And Objectives: Although previous trials have established the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in large ischemic core strokes, most of them excluded patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (e-ICA) occlusion. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients with e-ICA occlusion and large ischemic core infarcts treated with EVT vs medical management (MM).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the SELECT2 trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted at 31 international sites.

Prediction of hip fracture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in older Swedish women.

The socioeconomic burden of hip fractures, the most severe osteoporotic fracture outcome, is increasing and the current clinical risk assessment lacks sensitivity. This study aimed to develop a method for improved prediction of hip fracture by incorporating measurements of bone microstructure and composition derived from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). In a prospective cohort study of 3028 community-dwelling women aged 75 to 80, all participants answered questionnaires and underwent baseline examinations of anthropometrics and bone by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and HR-pQCT.

Risk of Cancers According to the Use of Biological Agents in Patients With Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: As the duration of use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) accumulates over time, long-term real-world safety data on cancer risk are needed. This study assessed the association between tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) and interleukin 17 inhibitors (IL-17is) exposures and cancer risk in patients with r-axSpA.

Methods: From the Korean nationwide database, we assembled 41,889 patients without prior history of cancer who were diagnosed with r-axSpA from 2010 onwards.

"It was frightening because it could be my own grandparents": A qualitative study of vicarious exposure to anti-Asian racism.

Objective: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a proliferation of anti-Asian racism. In addition to being personal targets of racism, members of the Asian American community have also been vicariously exposed to repeated news and social media stories about anti-Asian racism. Emerging research suggests that vicarious exposure to racism during the pandemic is associated with decreased well-being, although mechanisms of action are not yet clear.

Small molecule modulators of B56-PP2A restore 4E-BP function to suppress eIF4E-dependent translation in cancer cells.

Dysregulated eIF4E-dependent translation is a central driver of tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. eIF4E binding proteins (4E-BP1/2/3) are major negative regulators of eIF4E-dependent translation that are inactivated in tumors through inhibitory phosphorylation or downregulation. Previous studies have linked PP2A phosphatase(s) to activation of 4E-BP1.

A national survey on gastroenterology and hepatology training reveals dissimilar perceptions between trainees and trainers and an important need for improvement in training programs.

Objective: We aimed to collect data on gastroenterology and hepatology training from the viewpoint of trainees and trainers.

Methods: A national online survey was distributed among trainees and specialists at certified training institutions between February and May 2024.

Results: Overall, 226 respondents - 98 trainees, 78 trainers, 50 program directors, and department heads responded, with a national coverage of 70% of trainees and 85% of specialty-department heads.

Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination in older adults and patients with chronic disorders: A position paper from the Portuguese Society of Pulmonology, the Portuguese Association of General and Family Medicine, the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, the Portuguese Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, the Portuguese Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Portuguese Society of Internal Medicine.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infection, hospitalisation and death in adults.

Methods: Based on evidence regarding the impact of RSV on adult populations at risk for severe infection and the efficacy and safety of RSV vaccines, the Portuguese Society of Pulmonology, the Portuguese Association of General and Family Medicine, the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, the Portuguese Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, the Portuguese Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Portuguese Society of Internal Medicine endorses this position paper with recommendations to prevent RSV-associated disease and its complications in adults through vaccination.

Conclusion: The RSV vaccine is recommended for people aged ≥50 years with risk factors (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, immunocompromise, frailty, dementia, and residence in a nursing home) and all persons aged ≥60 years.

Acute Achille Tendon Rupture After Treatment of Levofloxacin for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Case Report.

This case report aims to demonstrate a rare occurrence of tendon rupture attributable to levofloxacin use in Helicobacter pylori eradication. On the seventh day of treatment, the patient experienced severe foot pain and difficulty in walking, leading to a diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging. Levofloxacin-induced tendinopathy and/or rupture are rare complications that are often linked to age and sex.

Deep learning for kidney trauma detection: CT image algorithm performance and external validation: experimental study.

Background: Detecting kidney trauma on CT scans can be challenging and is sometimes overlooked. While deep learning (DL) has shown promise in medical imaging, its application to kidney injuries remains underexplored. This study aims to develop and validate a DL algorithm for detecting kidney trauma, using institutional trauma data and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) dataset for external validation.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy rescued mouse critical limb ischemia via upregulating GPR120 against inflammation and promoting angiogenesis for restoring the blood flow in ischemic zone-experimental study.

Background: This study tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT) effectively rescues critical limb ischemia (CLI) in mice through the upregulation of GPR120, which protects against inflammation and angiogenesis to restore blood flow in the ischemic area.

Methods And Results: Compared with the control, ECSWT-induced GPR120-mediated anti-inflammatory effects significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory signaling biomarkers (TAK1/MAPK family/NF-κB/IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α/MCP-1) in HUVECs, and these effects were abolished by silencing GPR120 or by the GPR120 antagonist AH7614 (all P < 0.001).

Severity and Long-Term Mortality of COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Importance: SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contribute to many hospitalizations and deaths each year. Understanding relative disease severity can help to inform vaccination guidance.

Objective: To compare disease severity of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV among US veterans.

A Framework to Optimize Primary Care of Older Surgical Patients: A Qualitative Study of Geriatricians.

Importance: An increasing number of older adults are undergoing surgery. Older adults face significant challenges throughout the spectrum of perioperative care. No frameworks exist to support primary care clinicians in helping older adults navigate perioperative care beyond preoperative medical clearance.

Effect of Ozoralizumab Administration with or without Methotrexate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Post-Hoc Analysis.

Introduction: Ozoralizumab (OZR) is a novel tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor that was launched in Japan for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response to existing therapies. This post-hoc analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of OZR administered without methotrexate (MTX) with placebo or OZR administration in combination with MTX.

Methods: We analyzed the OZR group (30 mg) in the NATSUZORA trial (non-MTX, open trial) (OZR group; n = 94) and the placebo group (MTX group; n = 75) and the 30-mg OZR group (OZR + MTX group; n = 152) in the OHZORA trial (combined MTX, double-blind trial), and the covariates were adjusted by propensity score matching.

Effect of internal pancreatic duct stent on reducing long-term pancreaticojejunostomy stenosis following pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: As survival following PD improved, long-term complications have emerged as an issue in current era. Pancreaticojejunostomy stenosis is the common long-term sequel after PD but rarely addressed. This study aimed to investigate the benefit of pancreatic duct stent in reducing PJ stenosis after PD.

Trends and Disparities in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma-related Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020.

Purpose: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts present inside the liver parenchyma and is associated with an overall poor prognosis due to advanced disease stage at the time of diagnosis. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to determine ICC-related mortality patterns in the United States from 1999 till 2020.

Methods: Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and crude mortality rates (CMR) were extracted from the CDC WONDER database.

Outcomes of electrical injuries in the emergency department: epidemiology, severity predictors, and chronic sequelae.

Introduction: Electrical injuries (EIs) represent a significant clinical challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and variable presentation, ranging from minor burns to severe internal organ damage. Despite their prevalence in both; domestic and occupational settings, there remains a rareness of systematic guidelines and comprehensive literature to aid clinicians in effectively managing these injuries. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing protocols that can mitigate the risk of delayed complications, such as cardiac arrhythmias, in patients who initially appear stable.

Re-intervention Utility After Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy Using a Partially Covered Stent with Anchoring Flange.

Background And Aim: Although long self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) with a sufficient intragastric portion is typically preferred for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS), this design can complicate endoscopic re-intervention for recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic re-intervention for RBO through the stent after EUS-HGS using a novel partially covered SEMS with an anchoring flange.

Methods: The partially covered SEMS was designed with a intrahepatic uncovered portion measuring 1.