Annexin A1 expression in Lupus Nephritis.

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is an immune complex glomerulonephritis, caused by systemic lupus erythematosus. It is associated with an increase of morbidity and mortality. In LN, the immune responses dysregulation is one of the crucial pathogenic pathways.

Protective antibodies target cryptic epitope unmasked by cleavage of malaria sporozoite protein.

The most advanced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines against malaria target the central repeat region or closely related sequences within the circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). Here, using an antigen-agnostic strategy to investigate human antibody responses to whole sporozoites, we identified a class of mAbs that target a cryptic PfCSP epitope that is only exposed after cleavage and subsequent pyroglutamylation (pGlu) of the newly formed N terminus. This pGlu-CSP epitope is not targeted by current anti-PfCSP mAbs and is not included in the licensed malaria vaccines.

Simultaneous blockade of the CD73/EGFR axis inhibits tumor growth.

Targeting the influencing factors in tumor growth and expansion in the tumor microenvironment is one of the key approaches to cancer immunotherapy. Various factors in the tumor microenvironment can in cooperation stimulate tumor growth, suppress anti-tumor immune responses, promote drug resistance, and ultimately enhance tumor recurrence. Therefore, due to the dependence and close cooperation of these axes, their combined targeting can have a greater effect compared to their individual targeting.

Upregulation of LncRNAs G2E3-AS1 and BACE1-AS as Prognostic Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Despite the current diagnostic techniques and therapeutic methods for colorectal cancer (CRC), patients are often diagnosed at advanced stages of colorectal cancer with poor prognosis and distant metastasis. Recently, numerous investigations have highlighted the crucial role of lncRNAs in cancer development, progression, invasion, and metastasis. This study investigated less well-characterized genes in the colorectal cancer metastasis process using bioinformatics analysis and their confirmation by experimental methods.

SARS-CoV-2 strains and clinical profiles of COVID-19 patients in a Southern Brazil hospital.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had a widespread global impact and presented numerous challenges. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has changed transmission rates and immune evasion, possibly impacting the severity. This study aims to investigate the impact of variants on clinical outcomes in southern Brazil.

Pimenov: A potent antifungal medicinal plant.

Background And Purpose: species are well-known antifungal medicinal plants. (Apiaceae family) is a rarely investigated plant endemic to Iran. The present study aimed to assess the antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of root extracts of different plants.

Finnish nationwide controlled register study found increased inpatient infections in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Aim: Studies on treating infections in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have been limited.

Cardiac tissue regeneration by microfluidic generated cardiac cell-laden calcium alginate microgels and mesenchymal stem cell extracted exosomes on myocardial infarction model.

Regenerative medicine is one of the effective approaches for myocardial infarcted (MI) tissue due to the low capacity of heart for regeneration. However, cell therapy with local administration has shown poor cell retention in the targeted area and limited engraftment capacity at the intended location, resulting in inadequate tissue regeneration. The present study involves mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and encapsulated cells in small and injectable calcium alginate microgels by a specialized microfluidic device to decrease inflammation and increase cell retention in the infarcted tissue.

Acanthamoeba Infection in a Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipient: Challenges in Diagnosis, Management, and Source Identification.

We report a case of Acanthamoeba infection in an HCT recipient with steroid-refractory GVHD. We highlight the multiple challenges that free-living ameba infections present to the clinician, the clinical laboratory, transplant infectious disease for review, hospital epidemiology if nosocomial transmission is considered, and public health officials, as exposure source identification can be a significant challenge. Transplant physicians should include Acanthamoeba infections in their differential diagnosis of a patient with skin, sinus, lung, and/or brain involvement.

HLA Class I (A and B) Allele Polymorphism in a Moroccan Population Infected with Hepatitis C Virus.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major health burdens worldwide. Its course depends on the virus itself and the host's immune responses. The latter are conditioned by immunogenetic factors, in particular human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), whose role in determining the outcome of infection varies according to populations and ethnic groups.

Inhibitory KIRs decrease HLA class II-mediated protection in Type 1 Diabetes.

Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) are a family of inhibitory receptors that are expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and late-stage differentiated T cells. There is accumulating evidence that iKIRs regulate T cell-mediated immunity. Recently, we reported that T cell-mediated control was enhanced by iKIRs in chronic viral infections.

Photoimmunologic Therapy of Stubborn Biofilm via Inhibiting Bacteria Revival and Preventing Reinfection.

Stubborn biofilm infections pose serious threats to public health. Clinical practices highly rely on mechanical debridement and antibiotics, which often fail and lead to persistent and recurrent infections. The main culprits are 1) persistent bacteria reviving, colonizing, and rejuvenating biofilms, and 2) secondary pathogen exposure, particularly in individuals with chronic diseases.

IMPACT OF REPEAT HLA MISMATCHES ON KIDNEY GRAFT SURVIVAL: A CONTEMPORARY COLLABORATIVE TRANSPLANT STUDY (CTS) ANALYSIS.

Repeat HLA mismatches (RMM) have been historically associated with an increased risk of graft loss after repeat kidney transplantation, in particular HLA-DR RMM in sensitized recipients. As routine use of sensitive assays can at present prevent the transplantation of RMM in hosts with donor-specific antibodies, we hypothesized that RMM would no longer be associated with graft loss. We performed a registry analysis of the Collaborative Transplant Study database including 6711 patients who received a second kidney transplant (2 KT) between 2010 and 2021, with at least one HLA-A, -B or -DR mismatch.

Association study of the HLA class I system with psoriatic arthritis in Southern Tunisia: a case-control study.

Introduction/objectives: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatism belonging to the spondyloarthritis family. It is a multifactorial disease whose genetic determinism is still poorly understood. It is favored by environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals.

Mutability and hypermutation antagonize immunoglobulin codon optimality.

The efficacy of antibody responses is inherently linked to paratope diversity, as generated through V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation. Despite this, it is unclear how genetic diversification mechanisms evolved alongside codon optimality and affect antibody expression. Here, we analyze germline immunoglobulin (IG) genes, natural V(D)J repertoires, serum IgG, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression through the lens of codon optimality.

Role of microRNAs in immunoregulatory functions of epithelial cells.

Epithelial cells (ECs) provide the first line of defense against microbial threats and environmental challenges. They participate in the host's immune responses via the expression and secretion of various immune-related molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, as well as interaction with immune cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that the dysregulated function of ECs can be involved in the pathophysiology of a broad range of infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), asthma, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Polymorphisms within genes encoding Ikaros family proteins IKZF1 and IKZF3 in multiple myeloma patients treated with thalidomide.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the presence of abnormal plasma cells. It is associated with anemia, bone lesions and renal dysfunction. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are commonly used in MM treatment.

Transduction of Human Fetal Liver Hematopoietic CD34+ Stem and Progenitor Cells into a Cell Line by Enhancing Telomerase Activity.

: Human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells have proven potential as therapeutics but lack extensive research due to their limited supply. Even expanded fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells enter senescence or lose their self-renewal capacity after a few days in culture. The present study aimed to obtain a homogeneous and persistent supply of hematopoietic stem cells from the fetal liver by establishing a cell line through immortalization of cells by enhancing telomerase activity.

Repopulation of a 3D simulated periapical lesion cavity with dental pulp stem cell spheroids with triggered osteoblastic differentiation.

We established a proof-of-concept model system for the biological healing of periapical lesions using stem cell spheroids. Mesenchymal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were cultured in a 2D monolayer and then as 3D multicellular spheroids. An image of a periapical lesion of an upper lateral incisor tooth was obtained by computed tomography and was used as a model for photopolymer resin 3D printing to generate a negative frame of the lesion.

Transfusion specific alloimmune responses following blood transfusion pre-kidney transplantation.

It is widely accepted that blood transfusions can cause allosensitisation, but it is often reported that new HLA antibodies are non-specific and transient. This study explores the effect of blood transfusion on allosensitisation in waitlisted transplant patients including the development of transfusion specific antibodies (TSAs), whilst they remain on the waiting list and longitudinally following subsequent transplantation. A total of 105 blood donors of transfusions received by 50 patients on the transplant waiting list were HLA typed.

Syndecan-1: a key player in health and disease.

Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a transmembrane protein localized on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells, encompassing a core protein with heparin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains. SDC-1 is involved in a panoply of cellular mechanisms including cell-to-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix interactions, cell cycle modulation, and lipid clearance. Alterations in the expression and function of SDC-1 are implicated in numerous disease entities, making it an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Transcriptomic Signatures of Antibody-mediated Rejection in Early Biopsies With Negative Histology in HLA-incompatible Kidney Transplantation.

Background: Presensitized patients with circulating donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) before transplantation are at risk for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Peritransplant desensitization mitigates but does not eliminate the alloimmune response. We examined the possibility that subthreshold AMR activity undetected by histology could be operating in some early biopsies.

Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells in combination with hyperbaric oxygen therapy enhance neuroregeneration in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury.

Peripheral nerve damage continues to be a significant challenge in the field of medicine, with no currently available effective treatment. Currently, we investigated the beneficial effects of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs)- derived exosomes along with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in a sciatic nerve injury model. Seventy-five male mature Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into five equal groups.