Association of the triglyceride glucose index with all cause and CVD mortality in the adults with diabetes aged < 65 years without cardiovascular disease.

Although the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been established as a valuable predictor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular mortality, there is limited research exploring its association with all-cause or CVD mortality specifically in adults with diabetes aged < 65 years without cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and both all-cause and CVD mortality in this population within the United States. Our study recruited 1778 adults with diabetes aged < 65 years without cardiovascular disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018.

Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Young Biliary Atresia Recipients Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in the Modern Era.

Introduction: Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common indication for liver transplantation (LT) in children. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with survival in young patients with BA in the modern era.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of BA patients aged < 2 years who received their first isolated LT with available data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database (01/2013-12/2022).

Association of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: To examine the association between muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer, and whether these associations are affected by type and/or stage of cancer.

Method: A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out. Five bibliographic databases were searched to August 2023.

Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Background: Chlorination is a widespread method for drinking water disinfection that has the drawback of introducing potentially carcinogenic chemical by-products to drinking water.

Objective: We systematically evaluated the epidemiologic evidence of exposure to trihalomethane (THM) disinfection by-products and risk of cancer.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies that assessed the association of exposure to residential concentrations of THMs with risk of cancer in adults.

Gut microbiota may modify the association between dietary polyphenol intake and circulating levels of hippuric acid: results from a 1-year longitudinal study in China.

Background: Hippuric acid (HA), a host-microbe co-metabolite, normally derives from gut microbial catabolism of dietary polyphenols.

Objectives: We investigated the potential interplay between dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota on circulating HA levels, and examined the associations between serum concentrations of HA and cardiometabolic risk markers.

Methods: In a 1-year cohort of 754 community-dwelling adults, serum HA and its precursor [benzoic acid (BA)] and fecal microbiota were assayed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, respectively.

The effects of bilateral M1 anodal tDCS on corticomotor excitability and acquisition the of a bimanual videogame skill.

Most activities of daily life involve some degree of coordinated, bimanual activity from the upper limbs. However, compared to single-handed movements, bimanual movements are processed, learned, and controlled from both hemispheres of the brain. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that enhances motor learning by modulating the activity of movement-associated brain regions.

A Mixed Method Evaluation of Practitioners' Perspectives on Implementation Strategies for Healthy Eating and Active Living Policy, Systems, and Environmental Changes.

Context: The National Cooperative Extension System is a leader in delivering healthy eating and active living (HEAL) policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes; however, these interventions are challenging, and technical assistance efforts often misalign with implementation science concepts.

Objective: The study objective was to understand the importance of implementation strategies and tailoring needs to support Louisiana Nutrition and Community Health (NCH) practitioners' delivery of rural HEAL PSE changes.

Design: An explanatory sequential mixed method study design was used, including a survey to rank the importance of implementation strategies for HEAL PSE changes and a follow-up interview.

Metagenome-informed metaproteomics of the human gut microbiome, host, and dietary exposome uncovers signatures of health and inflammatory bowel disease.

Host-microbiome-dietary interactions play crucial roles in regulating human health, yet their direct functional assessment remains challenging. We adopted metagenome-informed metaproteomics (MIM), in mice and humans, to non-invasively explore species-level microbiome-host interactions during commensal and pathogen colonization, nutritional modification, and antibiotic-induced perturbation. Simultaneously, fecal MIM accurately characterized the nutritional exposure landscape in multiple clinical and dietary contexts.

Plant-based dietary patterns, nutrient intake, growth, and body composition in childhood: Results from a prospective population-based study.

Background & Aims: Transitioning to more plant-based diets promotes environmental sustainability and has health benefits for adults. However, associations with nutrient intake adequacy and growth in children remain unknown. This study aimed to examine associations of plant-based diets with nutrient intake levels among children, and with longitudinal growth and body composition up to adolescence.

Prehabilitation for Chilean frail elderly people - pre-surgical conditioning protocol - to reduce the length of stay: randomized control trial.

Background: Frail elderly patients have a higher risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Prehabilitation is a potential intervention for optimizing postoperative outcomes in frail patients. We studied the impact of a prehabilitation program on length of stay (LOS) in frail elderly patients undergoing elective surgery.

Comparison of the rhizospheric soil bacteriomes of Oryza sativa and Solanum melongena crop cultivars reveals key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis of ectoine, lysine, and catechol meta-cleavage.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Poaceae family, forms staple diet of half of world's population, and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), an important solanaceous crop, are consumed worldwide.

Comparison of Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) for nutritional assessment in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Background: Malnutrition affects the prognosis and response to treatment in cancer patients. There is no gold standard for nutritional assessment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to compare Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in predicting mortality in HCC patients.

Fluid Management Bundle in Critically Ill Children With Respiratory Failure Is Associated With a Reduced Prevalence of Excess Fluid Accumulation.

Objectives: To report the feasibility of a fluid management practice bundle and describe the pre- vs. post-implementation prevalence and odds of cumulative fluid balance greater than 10% in critically ill pediatric patients with respiratory failure.

Design: Retrospective cohort from May 2022 to December 2022.

Digestion of food proteins: the role of pepsin.

The nutritive value of a protein is determined not only by its amino acid composition, but also by its digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract. The interaction between proteins and pepsin in the gastric stage is the first step and plays an important role in protein hydrolysis. Moreover, it affects the amino acid release rates and the allergenicity of the proteins.

MRI-assessed Dynamic Hyperinflation Induced by Tachypnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The SPIROMICS-HF Study.

Purpose To assess the repeatability of real-time cine pulmonary MRI measures of metronome-paced tachypnea (MPT)-induced dynamic hyperinflation and its relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. Materials and Methods SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no.

Secondhand vape exposure regulation of CFTR and immune function in cystic fibrosis.

Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is a public health threat for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases. Primary smoking reduces CFTR channel function, the causative defect in CF. We reported that SHSe worsens respiratory and nutritional outcomes in CF by disrupting immune responses and metabolic signaling.

Self-reported perceptions of adults with diabetes regarding their care and health in the time of COVID-19 pandemic in a Swiss region: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: To assess the perceptions of adults with diabetes regarding their care and health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

Methods: Cross-sectional data was analysed from the 2021 follow-up questionnaire of the CoDiab-VD survey, a cohort of adults living with diabetes in the canton of Vaud. Various aspects of diabetes care and issues relating to the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed.

Using Multiple Anthropomorphic Measures to Estimate Height in Muscular Dystrophies and Its Impact on Lung Function.

Background: An accurate height estimate is important for assessing pulmonary function, and body mass index. If a patient cannot stand, an accurate standing height cannot be directly measured. Knee-heel length, arm span, ulnar length, and tibial length have been studied in otherwise healthy populations as single measurements for height estimation.

Maternal milk cell components are uptaken by infant liver macrophages via extracellular vesicle mediated transport.

Milk is a multifaceted biofluid that is essential for infant nutrition and development, yet its cellular and bioactive components, particularly maternal milk cells, remain understudied. Early research on milk cells indicated that they cross the infant's intestinal barrier and accumulate within systemic organs. However, due to the absence of modern analytical techniques, these studies were limited in scope and mechanistic analysis.

mTOR Ser1261 is an AMPK-dependent phosphosite in mouse and human skeletal muscle not required for mTORC2 activity.

The kinases AMPK, and mTOR as part of either mTORC1 or mTORC2, are major orchestrators of cellular growth and metabolism. Phosphorylation of mTOR Ser1261 is reportedly stimulated by both insulin and AMPK activation and a regulator of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity. Intrigued by the possibilities that Ser1261 might be a convergence point between insulin and AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle, we investigated the regulation and function of this site using a combination of human exercise, transgenic mouse, and cell culture models.

Establishment and Validation of a Machine-Learning Prediction Nomogram Based on Lymphocyte Subtyping for Intra-Abdominal Candidiasis in Septic Patients.

This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on lymphocyte subtyping and clinical factors for the early and rapid prediction of Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) in septic patients. A prospective cohort study of 633 consecutive patients diagnosed with sepsis and intra-abdominal infection (IAI) was performed. We assessed the clinical characteristics and lymphocyte subsets at the onset of IAI.

Association of volatile organic compound metabolites with hearing loss: unveiling their potential mechanism and intervention target.

Hearing loss (HL) is an otolaryngology disease susceptible to environmental pollutants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as a class of chemical pollutants with evaporation propensity, pose a great threat to human health. However, the association between VOCs and HL remains unclear.

Interaction between breastfeeding duration and an obesity genetic risk score to predict body fat composition in European adolescents: The HELENA study.

Background: Although the genetic interplay with the environment has a major impact on obesity development, little is known on whether breastfeeding could modulate the genetic predisposition to obesity.

Objectives: To investigate whether breastfeeding attenuates the effect of an obesity genetic risk score (GRS) on adiposity in European adolescents.

Methods: Totally 751 adolescents from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study were included, divided according to breastfeeding status into never breastfed, 1-3 months and ≥4 months.

Human milk oligosaccharides: bridging the gap in intestinal microbiota between mothers and infants.

Breast milk is an essential source of infant nutrition. It is also a vital determinant of the structure and function of the infant intestinal microbial community, and it connects the mother and infant intestinal microbiota. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a critical component in breast milk.

Associations of neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with frailty and its mortality.

Background: Frailty is an increasingly important determinant in the field of health, and its identification has important clinical significance in the field of critical care medicine. However, there are still a large number of challenges in quick and accurate identification of frailty. This study aims to evaluate the value of the neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) in frailty and its long-term survival.