Mechanosensation of the heart and gut elicits hypometabolism and vigilance in mice.

Interoception broadly refers to awareness of one's internal milieu. Although the importance of the body-to-brain communication that underlies interoception is implicit, the vagal afferent signalling and corresponding brain circuits that shape perception of the viscera are not entirely clear. Here, we use mice to parse neural circuits subserving interoception of the heart and gut.

Inflammatory biomarkers profiles and cognition among older adults.

Inflammation plays a major role in cognitive aging. Most studies on peripheral inflammation and cognitive aging focused on selected major inflammatory biomarkers. However, inflammatory markers are regulated and influenced by each other, and it is therefore important to consider a more comprehensive panel of markers to better capture diverse immune pathways and characterize the overall inflammatory profile of individuals.

Long-term feeding outcomes after infant tracheostomy.

Objective: To characterize long-term feeding outcomes in infants who underwent tracheostomy prior to their first birthday.

Study Design: Retrospective review of feeding outcomes at initial hospital discharge and age 5 in a cohort of infants who underwent tracheostomy at a children's hospital over a 16-year period.

Results: 145 infants met inclusion criteria.

An image dataset for surveillance of personal protective equipment adherence in healthcare.

Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) use is critical to prevent disease transmission to healthcare providers, especially those treating patients with a high infection risk. To address the challenge of monitoring PPE usage in healthcare, computer vision has been evaluated for tracking adherence. Existing datasets for this purpose, however, lack a diversity of PPE and nonadherence classes, represent single not multiple providers, and do not depict dynamic provider movement during patient care.

Understanding the role of metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer risk: A UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Predictive value of metabolic syndrome for prostate cancer risk is not clear. We aimed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with prostate cancer incidence. The primary outcome was prostate cancer incidence, i.

Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis.

Vaccination stands as one of the most sustainable and promising strategies to control infectious diseases in animal production. Nevertheless, the causes for antibody response variation among individuals are poorly understood. The animal microbiota has been shown to be involved in the correct development and function of the host immunity, including the antibody response.

Patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremic dissemination from the lung.

Bacteremia, a leading cause of death, generally arises after bacteria establish infection in a particular tissue and transit to secondary sites. Studying dissemination from primary sites by solely measuring bacterial burdens does not capture the movement of individual clones. By barcoding Klebsiella pneumoniae, a leading cause of bacteremia, we track pathogen dissemination following pneumonia.

Discordance, accuracy and reproducibility study of pathologists' diagnosis of melanoma and melanocytic tumors.

Accurate melanoma diagnosis is crucial for patient outcomes and reliability of AI diagnostic tools. We assess interrater variability among eight expert pathologists reviewing histopathological images and clinical metadata of 792 melanoma-suspicious lesions prospectively collected at eight German hospitals. Moreover, we provide access to the largest panel-validated dataset featuring dermoscopic and histopathological images with metadata.

SAMHD1 shapes deoxynucleotide triphosphate homeostasis by interconnecting the depletion and biosynthesis of different dNTPs.

SAMHD1 is a dNTPase that impedes replication of HIV-1 in myeloid cells and resting T lymphocytes. Here we elucidate the substrate activation mechanism of SAMHD1, which involves dNTP binding at allosteric sites and transient tetramerization. Our findings reveal that tetramerization alone is insufficient to promote dNTP hydrolysis; instead, the activation mechanism requires an inactive tetrameric intermediate with partially occupied allosteric sites.

Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost.

Neutralizing antibody titer has been a surrogate endpoint for guiding COVID-19 vaccine approval and use, although the pandemic's evolution and the introduction of variant-adapted vaccine boosters raise questions as to this surrogate's contemporary performance. For 985 recipients of an mRNA second bivalent or monovalent booster containing various Spike inserts [Prototype (Ancestral), Beta, Delta, and/or Omicron BA.1 or BA.

The widely used Ucp1-Cre transgene elicits complex developmental and metabolic phenotypes.

Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic models, including most Cre-recombinases, enable potent interrogation of gene function in vivo but require rigorous validation as limitations emerge. Due to its high relevance to metabolic studies, we perform comprehensive analysis of the Ucp1-Cre line which is widely used for brown fat research. Hemizygotes exhibit major brown and white fat transcriptomic dysregulation, indicating potential altered tissue function.

Comparative analysis of patient demographics and outcomes in teaching and non-teaching hospitals in Iran.

Aims: This study investigates the differences in patient demographics and outcomes between teaching and non-teaching hospitals in Iran. By analyzing these differences, it aims to provide useful information for policymakers to optimize resource allocation, improve patient care, and balance educational and service delivery goals in teaching hospitals.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional investigation, both teaching and non-teaching general hospitals were examined.

Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 redundantly control clonal deletion and contribute to an anergy-like transcriptome in auto-reactive thymocytes to impose tolerance in mice.

The Nr4a nuclear hormone receptors are transcriptionally upregulated in response to antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) in the thymus and are implicated in clonal deletion, but the mechanisms by which they operate are not clear. Moreover, their role in central tolerance is obscured by redundancy among the Nr4a family members and by their reported functions in Treg generation and maintenance. Here we take advantage of competitive bone marrow chimeras and the OT-II/RIPmOVA model to show that Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 are essential for the upregulation of Bcl2l11/BIM and thymic clonal deletion by self-antigen.

What Do We Know About Speech-Language-Hearing Practice in Vocal Care for Transgender People? A Scoping Review.

Objective: To systematically assess the current state of speech-language-hearing (SLH) practices in health services addressing vocal care for transgender individuals, aiming to identify key themes and gaps in the existing body of knowledge.

Methods: This scoping review was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual and followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses-Extension for Scoping Reviews. It was registered with the Open Science Framework Open Source 10.

Genome-scale, functional screen of Plasmodium sexual replication.

Malaria mortality remains above 500 000 people annually, demonstrating the need for new and innovative control approaches. Using a genome-scale, functional screen of Plasmodium sexual replication, Sayers et al. identified over 300 genes essential for malaria transmission through the mosquito, providing many new candidates for drug and vaccine development.

Building Family Medicine Research Through Community Engagement: Leveraging Federal Awards to Develop Infrastructure.

Many academic departments and programs struggle with the challenge of how to begin a meaningful research program. A useful place to start is with the work they already are doing in communities. Using work in practices and other clinical venues as a springboard can build helpful relationships that can catalyze research and build infrastructure that matters to family medicine clinicians, researchers, and the communities they serve.

Transition-to-home arrangements for very preterm infants and related parental needs at perinatal centres in Austria and Switzerland: a cross-sectional multicentred study.

Introduction: The current study aims to give an overview of transition-to-home services provided by perinatal centres in Austria and Switzerland and to evaluate parental satisfaction with the care provided.

Methods: This cross-sectional multicentred study was conducted by performing two surveys between May 2022 and November 2023: one among all level III perinatal centres in Austria (n=7) and Switzerland (n=9) (institutional survey) and one among parents of very preterm infants treated at one selected perinatal centre in each of the two countries (parental survey). Both questionnaires consisted of matching questions focusing on current transition-to-home services.

Rationale and Design of the HERZCHECK trial: Detection of Early Heart Failure Using Telemedicine and CMR in Structurally Weak Regions (NCT05122793).

Background And Aims: Heart failure (HF) is an imminent global health problem. Yet established screening algorithms for asymptomatic pre-HF, allowing for early and effective preventive interventions, are largely lacking. The HERZCHECK trial, conducted in structurally underserved rural regions of North-Eastern Germany, aims to close this gap by evaluating the feasibility, diagnostic efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of a fully mobile, telemedically-supervised screening approach, combining cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and laboratory testing as central elements.

Endoscopy and Anesthesia Outcomes Associated with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist use in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Upper Endoscopy.

Background And Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) can cause delayed gastric emptying, raising concern for retained gastric contents (RGCs) during endoscopy and adverse anesthesia events. We aimed to determine associations between GLP1RA and endoscopy and anesthesia outcomes.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study examined patients prescribed GLP1RA who underwent outpatient endoscopy stratified by exposure at the time of endoscopy.

Biosorption of rhodamine B and sunset yellow dyes on cross-linked chitosan-alginate biocomposite beads: Experimental and theoretical studies.

This research explores the biosorption of Rhodamine B (Rd-B) and Sunset Yellow (SY) dyes using cross-linked chitosan-alginate (Ch-A) biocomposite beads, combining experimental investigations with theoretical studies to elucidate the biosorption mechanisms. The biocomposite beads were synthesized through an eco-friendly cross-linking method, and their structural properties were characterized using various characterization techniques. Complementary theoretical studies using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations provided insights into the molecular interactions between the dyes and the biocomposite beads.

Creating a collaborative culture of learning within a network of community mental health early psychosis programs in Texas.

Learning Health Systems (LHSs) promise meaningful health care improvement through the ongoing use of data, including the lived experience of diverse constituents, such as people participating in and providing services. Most LHSs operate within a specific healthcare system, typically hospital-based, under a common electronic health record (EHR) and management structure. The Early Psychosis Intervention Network in Texas (EPINET-TX) is a novel case study of a developing LHS across 16 independent community mental health clinics operating state-funded coordinated specialty care (CSC) programs for early psychosis.

Regulatory workshop on standardisation of clinical procedures, endpoints and data robustness of human challenge studies - A stakeholder meeting report.

Inno4Vac, a public-private partnership funded by the IMI2/EU/EFPIA Joint Undertaking (IMI2 JU), brings together academic institutions, SMEs, and pharmaceutical companies to accelerate and de-risk vaccine development. The project has made significant strides in the selection and production of challenge agents for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and toxigenic Clostridioides difficile for controlled human infection model studies (CHIMs). A regulatory workshop held on March 20, 2024, addressed the standardisation of clinical procedures, ethical considerations, endpoints, and data integrity, highlighting the ongoing initiatives related to these CHIMs.

Burying poultry carcasses on farms as a disposal option in crisis situations: learnings and perspectives from a field study during an avian influenza epizootic in France.

Appropriate disposal of dead farming animals is required to guarantee effective disease control while protecting the environment. In crisis situations, alternatives to rendering can be used, including on-farm burial. The objectives of this study were to: (i) describe the burial and monitoring protocols used on poultry farms in France in response to major avian influenza outbreaks; (ii) assess the effectiveness of the burial protocol, in terms of both technical and biosecurity aspects, and microbiological, physical and chemical changes of the buried materials and the environment over time; (iii) provide recommendations for future burial and follow-up protocols.