Analysis of hollow visceral injuries admitted to a level one intensive care unit in South Africa.

Background: Bowel trauma, encompassing injuries to the small and large intestine, represents a significant medical challenge due to its potential for morbidity and mortality. Management of bowel injuries remains surgical, but multiple factors influence the outcome in these patients. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the high-risk features of hollow visceral trauma in the ICU setting and the corresponding mortality rates, shedding light on the critical factors that influence outcomes in these cases.

The epidemiological characteristics of major trauma in Pietersburg and Mankweng hospitals, Limpopo province.

Background: Data on trauma burden and outcome varies amongst the nine South African Provinces. In Limpopo Province there is a paucity of data which this study aimed to quantify and characterise the severe trauma burden in the province.

Methods: A retrospective chart review for all patients with injury severity score (ISS) > 16 over a 6-year period (Jan 2015-Dec 2020) at two central hospitals in Limpopo province.

Epidemiology and anatomic distribution of colorectal cancer in South Africa.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the third most common in South Africa (SA). CRC characteristics in SSA are not well described. The aim is to describe patient characteristics and anatomic location of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC-AC) in SA.

Time to regional surgical care in rural South Africa.

Background: District hospitals in South Africa have limited surgical capacity and regional hospitals treat most essential surgical conditions. This study aimed to describe the pathway and time to regional hospital surgical care for persons with general surgery conditions (PSC) in South Africa.

Methods: This was a retrospective audit of all persons referred on the Vula Mobile App to the general surgery service at Worcester Regional Hospital (WRH) from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019.

Defining the contribution of human error to adverse events in a surgical service.

Background: This study aimed to assess the contribution of human error to adverse events over 10 years in a single surgical department in South Africa.

Methods: A retrospective database analysis was undertaken to identify all adverse events, which were further assessed to identify which were error-associated.

Results: A total of 14 237 adverse events occurred between December 2012 and January 2023, of which 7 504 (52.

Characterizing disparities in the HIV care continuum among U.S. transgender and cisgender medicare beneficiaries, 2008-2017.

Although HIV is more prevalent among transgender and gender-diverse individuals than cisgender people, a dearth of research has compared the HIV-related care engagement of these populations. Using 2008-2017 Medicare data, we identified TGD (trans feminine and non-binary [TFN], trans masculine and non-binary [TMN], unclassified gender) and cisgender (male, female) beneficiaries with HIV and explored within and between gender group differences in the predicted probability of engagement in the HIV Care Continuum. Transgender and gender-diverse individuals had a higher predicted probability of every HIV-related care outcome vs.

Prediction of inpatient mortality in hospitalised children in low- and middle-income countries: An external validation of paediatric mortality risk scores.

Background: Risk prediction tools for acutely ill children have been developed in high- and low-income settings, but few are validated or incorporated into clinical guidelines. We aimed to assess the performance of existing paediatric early warning scores for use in low- and middle-income countries using clinical data from a recent large multi-country study in Africa and South-Asia.

Methods: We used data (children across three nutritional strata) from the Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) Network cohort study (n = 3101).

Determinants of Quality of Life in Patients With Urinary Incontinence: An Assessment Using the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) Scale.

Background Urinary incontinence is a significant health problem with physical, social, economic, and psychological consequences for patients and their quality of life. The aim of our study is to determine the impact of urinary incontinence on the quality of life and to identify its determinants in patients with this condition. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in the diagnostic center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Hassan II in Fez, Morocco, between June and September 2019.

Successful Management of COVID-19-Associated Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome Using Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report.

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare and life-threatening disorder characterized by acute hypotension, hypoalbuminemia, and hemoconcentration, which often results in severe respiratory complications, such as pulmonary edema. SCLS can be triggered by infections, including COVID-19, and is associated with a high mortality rate. Here, we report a case of COVID-19-associated SCLS in a 68-year-old man.

Monkeypox in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report.

Monkeypox (Mpox) was declared a public health emergency in 2022. The most common form of presentation is a self-limited illness associated with a skin rash. However, immunocompromised patients may present with more severe forms of the disease.

The Efficacy of Repetitive Transorbital Alternating Current Stimulation (rtACS) in Patients With Optic Nerve Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Optic nerve disorders significantly contribute to visual impairment with irreversible visual deficits. Current treatments have limited efficacy in resolving chronic visual deficits, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Neurorehabilitation techniques, including repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS), have emerged as promising approaches to restore lost visual function through the ability to modulate brain activity.

Outcomes of a pilot randomized clinical trial testing brief interventions to increase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among rural people who inject drugs attending syringe services programs.

Background: Kentucky is one of seven states with high, sustained rural HIV transmission tied to injection drug use. Expanding access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been endorsed as a key HIV prevention strategy; however, uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been negligible in rural areas. Syringe services programs (SSPs) have been implemented throughout Kentucky's Appalachian region, providing an important opportunity to integrate PrEP services.

Treatment-related acute toxicity with adjuvant systemic treatment among patients with HER2-positive early invasive breast cancer: a national population-based cohort study.

Objective: Although adjuvant trastuzumab-based treatment (TBT) improves survival for patients with HER2-positive early invasive breast cancer (EIBC), risk of toxicity grows as patient age increases. We examined use of TBT and associated severe acute toxicity event (SATE) rates to understand the real-world impact.

Methods And Analysis: Women (50+ years), newly diagnosed with HER2-positive EIBC in England, 2014-2019, were identified from Cancer Registry data, linked to the Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy dataset for TBT information.

Knowledge about diabetes in Malmö prior to initiation of "Cities Changing Diabetes".

Aim: To identify existing public knowledge regarding diabetes and diabetes-related services offered to persons living with diabetes in the City of Malmö.

Methods: A literature review of City of Malmö's website, public statistics, School health documentation, job databases, education programs, local newspaper, Swedish National Diabetes Register, and was performed in 2020.

Results: We identified political decisions about diabetes nurses in home care, financing a project about diabetes complications, and funding support in schools for designated children.

A comparison of the persuasiveness of human and ChatGPT generated pro-vaccine messages for HPV.

Introduction: Public health messaging is crucial for promoting beneficial health outcomes, and the latest advancements in artificial intelligence offer new opportunities in this field. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4 in generating pro-vaccine messages on different topics for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.

Methods: In this study ( = 60), we examined the persuasive effect of pro-vaccine messages generated by GPT-4 and humans, which were constructed based on 17 factors impacting HPV vaccination.

Psychological Distress in Adults With Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Health Care Utilization and Expenditure.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) poses a major financial burden on the U.S. health care system, but its impact on medical expenses and health care utilization when coupled with psychological distress remains unknown.

Limitations of Using Mobile Phones for Managing Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Among Youth in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Implications for mHealth.

The prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) among youth is increasing worldwide. Mobile phones, particularly mHealth applications, can potentially improve youth's management of this chronic condition. However, the design of these services rarely accounts for users in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Choosing Wisely in oncology: are guidelines effective at preventing unnecessary diagnostics? The example of surveillance positron emission tomography for patients with localised colorectal cancer.

Objective: Healthcare overuse is a major challenge for healthcare systems and patients worldwide. Professional guidelines such as the 'Choosing Wisely' guidelines have attempted to reduce specific examples of overuse. We examined the use of surveillance positron emission tomography CT (PETCT) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with curative intent.

Cancer burden across the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in 2022.

Objective: The objective of this study is to present a cross-sectional analysis of cancer burden in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region and explain unique characteristics of its cancer burden as compared with the rest of the world.

Methods And Analysis: Using publicly available data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and the World Bank, we collected cancer statistics and population statistics for Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from 2017 to 2022.

Results: The number of newly diagnosed cases in the region was 1 846 963, representing 9.

Association between neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio and efficacy outcomes with avelumab plus axitinib or sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: post hoc analyses from the JAVELIN Renal 101 trial.

Objective: We report post hoc analyses of efficacy with first-line avelumab plus axitinib or sunitinib according to baseline neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) from the JAVELIN Renal 101 phase 3 trial.

Methods And Analysis: Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response per baseline NER were analysed in the overall population and in patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1+) tumours. Multivariable Cox regression analyses to assess the effect of NER after adjustment for other baseline variables were conducted.

Pharmacological class effects of anticancer drugs: opportunities for decreasing healthcare spending.

In the field of general medicine, class effects, or therapeutic interchangeability, have been declared for several families of drugs including statins, calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors. The existence of such class effects enables healthcare payers to negotiate for substantially lower drug prices, thereby reducing financial toxicity, both at an individual and societal levels. Until now, the existence of class effects in oncology has been considered rare.

Defining national research priorities for prostate cancer in Zambia: using the Delphi process for comprehensive cancer policy setting in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objectives: Locally led research on cancer is needed in sub-Saharan Africa to set feasible research priorities that inform national policy. The aim of this project was to develop a research agenda for national cancer control planning, using a nationally driven approach, focused on barriers to diagnosis and high-quality treatment for prostate cancer in Zambia.

Methods And Analysis: This was a Delphi process.