Quinoline and quinolone carboxamides: A review of anticancer activity with detailed structure-activity relationship analysis.

Quinoline is a highly privileged scaffold with significant pharmacological potential. Introducing a carbonyl group into the quinoline ring generates a quinolone ring, which exhibits promising biological properties. Incorporating a carboxamide linkage at different positions within the quinoline and quinolone frameworks has proven an effective strategy for enhancing pharmacological properties, particularly anticancer potency.

Feeding broilers with the addition of an Ilex paraguariensis coproduct affects zootechnical performance and meat quality responses.

During the harvest of Ilex paraguariensis, approximately 2-5 tons per hectare of thick stems are left on the soil surface. The outer portion of these stems, referred to as the coproduct, constitutes 30% of the total residue mass. Although this coproduct has been partially characterized in terms of its phytochemical profile, its technological applications remain unexplored.

Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of Eimeria coypi and Eimeria fluviatilis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) isolated from nutrias (Myocastor coypus [Rodentia]) in Japan.

The nutria (Myocastor coypus) is a semiaquatic rodent that originally inhabited South America. However, the animals have spread to different continents as alien species, and their numbers are quickly increasing, especially in North America, Europe, and Eastern Asia including Japan. Although nutrias have been suggested to serve as reservoirs for pathogens, including parasites, there have been few reports on this subject.

God in all Things: Small Congregations and Surviving the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria.

This study utilized in-depth interviews for examining the impact of the restrictions and lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic on small church congregations in Nigeria. Thus, it explored ways and means through which small congregations with structural and social limitations dealt with the severe restrictions of the period as well as the impact of these on ministry, social reach and growth. While the pandemic inter alia made the churches creative, it challenged the capacity of members even as it opened-up spaces for "polygamous" worshippers and the unchurched.

Effect of transgene on salt tolerance of tobacco.

To explore the effects of salt-tolerance gene accumulation on salt tolerance in transgenic plant, we used four types of plant expression vector (N27, N28, N29, and N30) carrying mtlD, mtlD + gutD, mtlD + gutD + BADH, mtlD + gutD + BADH + sacB genes respectively, to transform tobacco through Agrobacterium-mediated method. Transgenic lines were identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Transgenic lines and non-transgenic plant (CK) were subjected to 6‰ sodium chloride solution stress; then, fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and salt tolerance indexes were used to assess characteristics.

The effect of low energy LED red light on osteogenetic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell via the ERK5 signal pathway.

The purpose of this study was to examine how low-energy LED red light influences the early to middle stage of osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) via the ERK5 signaling pathway.  METHODS: PDLSCs were extracted from periodontal membrane tissue using enzymatic digestion. At three time points of 7, 10, and 14 days after irradiation with 5J/cm LED red light, the expression levels of early to middle-stage osteogenic-related genes ALP, Col-1, BSP, and OPN were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) in both control and osteogenesis experimental groups.

The paradoxical activity of BRAF inhibitors: potential use in wound healing.

The area of wound healing presents a promising field of interest for clinicians as well as the scientific community. A major concern for physicians is the rising number of elderly people suffering from diabetes, leprosy, tuberculosis and the associated chronic wounds. While traditional therapies target basic wound care, innovative strategies that accelerate wound healing are needed.

Glucose Metabolic Abnormalities and Their Interaction With Defective Phosphate Homeostasis in Tumor-induced Osteomalacia.

Context: Phosphate homeostasis was compromised in tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) due to increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion. Nevertheless, the glucose metabolic profile in TIO patients has not been investigated.

Objectives: This work aimed to clarify the glucose metabolic profiles in TIO patients and explore their interaction with impaired phosphate homeostasis.

Bioelectricity is a universal multifaced signaling cue in living organisms.

The cellular electrical signals of living organisms were discovered more than a century ago and have been extensively investigated in the neuromuscular system. Neuronal depolarization and hyperpolarization are essential for our neuromuscular physiological and pathological functions. Bioelectricity is being recognized as an ancient, intrinsic, fundamental property of all living cells, and it is not limited to the neuromuscular system.

Fabrication of Hypoxia-Mimicking Supramolecular Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair.

Despite advancements in chronic arthritis treatment, there remains a significant demand for advanced nanotechnologies capable of efficiently delivering a wide range of therapeutic agents to provide symptomatic relief and facilitate the healing of inflamed cartilage tissue. Considering the significant impact of hypoxia on the development and maintenance of chondral tissue, replicating its effects on stem cells could be a potential approach for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Cobalt is a prominent hypoxia-inducing agent, owing to its ability to activate the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway regardless of cellular oxygen levels.

Photoregulation of the biosynthetic activity of fungus using colloidal solutions of biogenic metal nanoparticles and low-intensity laser radiation.

This article presents new data on the integrated use of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles and low-intensity laser radiation on the biosynthetic activity of the medicinal mushroom . Traditional mycological methods, colloidal solutions of biogenic metals, and unique photobiological methods have also been used. It was found that colloidal solutions of nanoparticles of all metals used increased the growth characteristics of (55-60%), while irradiation of the fungal inoculum with laser light in a medium with nanoparticles reduced the growth activity of mycelia by 12.

Ribosome profiling reveals differences in global translational vs transcriptional gene expression changes during early biofilm formation.

a major human fungal pathogen, can form biofilms on a variety of inert and biological surfaces. biofilms allow for immune evasion, are highly resistant to antifungal therapies, and represent a significant complication for a wide variety of immunocompromised patients in clinical settings. While transcriptional regulators and global transcriptional profiles of biofilm formation have been well-characterized, much less is known about translational regulation of this important virulence property.

Temporal Genomic Analysis of Homogeneous Tumor Models Reveals Key Regulators of Immune Evasion in Melanoma.

In this study, we find that Mif expression is associated with tumor growth and aggressiveness, specifically in tumors with low heterogeneity. These findings could facilitate the development of new strategies to treat patients with homogeneous, high MIF-expressing tumors that are unresponsive to immune checkpoint therapy.

Vitamin B2 Operates by Dual Thermodynamic and Kinetic Mechanisms to Selectively Tailor Urate Crystallization.

Here we demonstrate how a biologically relevant molecule, riboflavin (vitamin B2), operates by a dual mode of action to effectively control crystallization of ammonium urate (NHHU), which is associated with cetacean kidney stones. In situ microfluidics and atomic force microscopy experiments confirm a strong interaction between riboflavin and NHHU crystal surfaces that substantially inhibits layer nucleation and spreading by kinetic mechanisms of step pinning and kink blocking. Riboflavin does not alter the distribution of tautomeric urate isomers, but its adsorption on NHHU crystal surfaces does interfere with the effects of minor urate tautomer by limiting its ability to induce NHHU crystal defects while also suppressing NHHU nucleation and inhibiting crystal growth by 80% at an uncharacteristically low modifier concentration.

Population Kinetics and Protein Profiles of Co-Cultured Adult and Fetus Rabbit Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells.

Objective: Bladder tissue models have been developed using smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on various scaffolds to mimic bladder morphology and physiology. This study investigates the effects of co-culturing fetal and adult SMCs on growth properties and protein profiles to understand cellular interactions and population kinetics.

Methods: Bladder tissue samples from 10 adult and 10 fetal New Zealand rabbits were divided into 5 groups: adult SMCs (A), fetal SMCs (F), 50%A+50%F (A+F), 75%A+25%F (3A+F), and 25%A+75%F (A+3F).

Identification of multicohort-based predictive signature for NMIBC recurrence reveals SDCBP as a novel oncogene in bladder cancer.

Background: Despite surgical and intravesical chemotherapy interventions, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) poses a high risk of recurrence, which significantly impacts patient survival. Traditional clinical characteristics alone are inadequate for accurately assessing the risk of NMIBC recurrence, necessitating the development of novel predictive tools.

Methods: We analyzed microarray data of NMIBC samples obtained from the ArrayExpress and GEO databases.

Medial orbitofrontal cortex structure, function, and cognition associates with weight loss for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate underlying mechanisms of long-term effective weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and effects on the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and cognition.

Methods: A total of 18 individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) underwent LSG. Clinical data, cognitive scores, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were evaluated before LSG and 12 months after LSG.

Aging and sex differences in salt sensitivity of blood pressure.

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is a complex physiological trait characterized by changes in blood pressure in response to dietary salt intake. Aging introduces an additional layer of complexity to the pathophysiology of SSBP, with mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and alterations in gut microbiota emerging as critical factors. Despite advancements in understanding these mechanisms, the processes driving increased salt sensitivity with age and their differential impacts across sexes remain unclear.

Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposure Exerts Sex-Specific Effects on Cognitive Function via C3- and TLR4-Related M1/M2 Microglial Cell Polarisation in Rats.

In this study, we aimed to explore the sex-specific effects and mechanisms of sevoflurane exposure on the neural development of pubertal rats on the basis of M1/M2 microglial cell polarisation and related signalling pathways. A total of 48 rat pups (24 males and 24 females) were assigned to the 0- or 2-h sevoflurane exposure group on the seventh day after birth. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was subsequently conducted on the 32nd to 38th days after birth.

A Scientometric Exploration of the Socket-shield Technique in Oral Implantology: Trends and Spatiotemporal Dynamics.

Aim: The socket-shield technique arises from the efforts to stop the dimensional changes of the bone crest and gingival tissues. This technique consists of leaving a vestibular fragment of a naturally attached root with the purpose of keeping the crestal bone nourished through the periodontium. The aim of this research was to perform a scientometric analysis of the scientific production on the socket-shield technique in oral implantology.

Mammary Gland Reactive Stroma Characterization at Aging After Bisphenol A Exposure During Hormonal Susceptibility Windows.

Mammary glands development is influenced by endocrine signaling, which remodels epithelial and stromal compartments. Reactive stroma phenotype is observed when stromal disturbances occur, leading to changes in extracellular matrix composition and occurrence of reactive cell types. One of the triggers of these alterations is endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, such as bisphenol A (BPA).

A Natural Autophagy Activator Castanea crenata Flower Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Ageing.

Background: Sarcopenia, characterized by a gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with age, significantly impacts both quality of life and mortality. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining muscle health. There is growing interest in leveraging autophagy to mitigate muscle ageing effects.

PrP Glycoprotein Is Indispensable for Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis During Aging.

Background: The cellular prion protein (PrP), a glycoprotein encoded by the PRNP gene, is known to modulate muscle mass and exercise capacity. However, the role of PrP in the maintenance and regeneration of skeletal muscle during ageing remains unclear.

Methods: This study investigated the change in PrP expression during muscle formation using C2C12 cells and evaluated muscle function in Prnp wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) mice at different ages (1, 9 and 15 months).

Evaluation of phenotypic risk indicators for the development of alopecia X (hair cycle arrest) in Pomeranian dogs in the Netherlands and Belgium.

Background: Alopecia X (AX) is a common noninflammatory alopecic condition of Pomeranian dogs with an unknown cause. While a genetic aetiology is suspected, no current tests can predict the development of this disorder or confirm the aetiology. Therefore, identifying potential risk indicators for the development of AX would be of value in this breed.