26 results match your criteria: "Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research[Affiliation]"

Sphagnum-dominated bogs are climatically impactful systems that exhibit two puzzling characteristics: CO:CH ratios are greater than those predicted by electron balance models and C decomposition rates are enigmatically slow. We hypothesized that Maillard reactions partially explain both phenomena by increasing apparent CO production via eliminative decarboxylation and sequestering bioavailable nitrogen (N). We tested this hypothesis using incubations of sterilized Maillard reactants, and live and sterilized bog peat.

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Flammable ice of profit and doom.

Nat Chem

February 2023

Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Permafrost thaw is a major potential feedback source to climate change as it can drive the increased release of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO ) and methane (CH ). This carbon release from the decomposition of thawing soil organic material can be mitigated by increased net primary productivity (NPP) caused by warming, increasing atmospheric CO , and plant community transition. However, the net effect on C storage also depends on how these plant community changes alter plant litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates.

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Globally, soils store two to three times as much carbon as currently resides in the atmosphere, and it is critical to understand how soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uptake will respond to ongoing climate change. In particular, the soil-to-atmosphere CO flux, commonly though imprecisely termed soil respiration (R ), is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the Earth system. An increasing number of high-frequency R measurements (typically, from an automated system with hourly sampling) have been made over the last two decades; an increasing number of methane measurements are being made with such systems as well.

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We analysed the effect of the 2018 European drought on greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange of five North European mire ecosystems. The low precipitation and high summer temperatures in Fennoscandia led to a lowered water table in the majority of these mires. This lowered both carbon dioxide (CO) uptake and methane (CH) emission during 2018, turning three out of the five mires from CO sinks to sources.

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Orderly as a swarm of bees.

Nat Rev Chem

June 2020

Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Publisher Correction: Neutron stardust and the elements of Earth.

Nat Chem

February 2019

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.

In the version of this Comment originally published, the image was incorrectly credited to Chelsea Anne Bar; it should have been to Brett F. Thornton. This has now been corrected.

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Hafnium the lutécium I used to be.

Nat Chem

October 2018

Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Genome-centric view of carbon processing in thawing permafrost.

Nature

August 2018

Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

As global temperatures rise, large amounts of carbon sequestered in permafrost are becoming available for microbial degradation. Accurate prediction of carbon gas emissions from thawing permafrost is limited by our understanding of these microbial communities. Here we use metagenomic sequencing of 214 samples from a permafrost thaw gradient to recover 1,529 metagenome-assembled genomes, including many from phyla with poor genomic representation.

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Methanotrophy across a natural permafrost thaw environment.

ISME J

October 2018

Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

The fate of carbon sequestered in permafrost is a key concern for future global warming as this large carbon stock is rapidly becoming a net methane source due to widespread thaw. Methane release from permafrost is moderated by methanotrophs, which oxidise 20-60% of this methane before emission to the atmosphere. Despite the importance of methanotrophs to carbon cycling, these microorganisms are under-characterised and have not been studied across a natural permafrost thaw gradient.

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The germination of germanium.

Nat Chem

January 2018

Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

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Cross continental increase in methane ebullition under climate change.

Nat Commun

November 2017

Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Methane (CH) strongly contributes to observed global warming. As natural CH emissions mainly originate from wet ecosystems, it is important to unravel how climate change may affect these emissions. This is especially true for ebullition (bubble flux from sediments), a pathway that has long been underestimated but generally dominates emissions.

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The seafloor sediments of Spathi Bay, Milos Island, Greece, are part of the largest arsenic-CO-rich shallow submarine hydrothermal ecosystem on Earth. Here, white and brown deposits cap chemically distinct sediments with varying hydrothermal influence. All sediments contain abundant genes for autotrophic carbon fixation used in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) and reverse tricaboxylic acid (rTCA) cycles.

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Evidence of marine ice-cliff instability in Pine Island Bay from iceberg-keel plough marks.

Nature

October 2017

British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.

Marine ice-cliff instability (MICI) processes could accelerate future retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet if ice shelves that buttress grounding lines more than 800 metres below sea level are lost. The present-day grounding zones of the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers in West Antarctica need to retreat only short distances before they reach extensive retrograde slopes. When grounding zones of glaciers retreat onto such slopes, theoretical considerations and modelling results indicate that the retreat becomes unstable (marine ice-sheet instability) and thus accelerates.

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Enhanced ice sheet melting driven by volcanic eruptions during the last deglaciation.

Nat Commun

October 2017

Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE106-91, Stockholm, Sweden.

Volcanic eruptions can impact the mass balance of ice sheets through changes in climate and the radiative properties of the ice. Yet, empirical evidence highlighting the sensitivity of ancient ice sheets to volcanism is scarce. Here we present an exceptionally well-dated annual glacial varve chronology recording the melting history of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet at the end of the last deglaciation (∼13,200-12,000 years ago).

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Microbial turnover times in the deep seabed studied by amino acid racemization modelling.

Sci Rep

July 2017

Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.

The study of active microbial populations in deep, energy-limited marine sediments has extended our knowledge of the limits of life on Earth. Typically, microbial activity in the deep biosphere is calculated by transport-reaction modelling of pore water solutes or from experimental measurements involving radiotracers. Here we modelled microbial activity from the degree of D:L-aspartic acid racemization in microbial necromass (remains of dead microbial biomass) in sediments up to ten million years old.

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Climate change is likely to have altered the ecological functioning of past ecosystems, and is likely to alter functioning in the future; however, the magnitude and direction of such changes are difficult to predict. Here we use a deep-time case study to evaluate the impact of a well-constrained CO-induced global warming event on the ecological functioning of dominant plant communities. We use leaf mass per area (LMA), a widely used trait in modern plant ecology, to infer the palaeoecological strategy of fossil plant taxa.

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Frantically forging fermium.

Nat Chem

June 2017

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, USA.

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The neodymium neologism.

Nat Chem

January 2017

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, USA.

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Cu isotopes in marine black shales record the Great Oxidation Event.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

May 2016

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2EG.

The oxygenation of the atmosphere ∼2.45-2.32 billion years ago (Ga) is one of the most significant geological events to have affected Earth's redox history.

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Protection against arsenic damage in organisms positioned deep in the tree of life points to early evolutionary sensitization. Here, marine sedimentary records reveal a Proterozoic arsenic concentration patterned to glacial-interglacial ages. The low glacial and high interglacial sedimentary arsenic concentrations, suggest deteriorating habitable marine conditions may have coincided with atmospheric oxygen decline after ~2.

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Sources and timing of freshwater forcing relative to hydroclimate shifts recorded in Greenland ice cores at the onset of Younger Dryas, ∼12,800 years ago, remain speculative. Here we show that progressive Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) melting 13,100-12,880 years ago generates a hydroclimate dipole with drier-colder conditions in Northern Europe and wetter-warmer conditions in Greenland. FIS melting culminates 12,880 years ago synchronously with the start of Greenland Stadial 1 and a large-scale hydroclimate transition lasting ∼180 years.

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