An Assessment of the Nutritional Profile of Foods Accessible to Incarcerated Males in Alabama.

Many chronic medical conditions that can result from poor nutrition are more prevalent in the incarcerated population than in the general population. With the increasing prevalence of chronic medical conditions and limited knowledge on foods accessible to the population, this study assessed the 4-week menu fed to all incarcerated males at state-run facilities in Alabama. Compared with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for the average incarcerated male, the percentage of energy from total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol exceeded the recommendation.

Impaired Exercise Capacity in High-Risk Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The ARISE-HF Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Subanalysis.

Background: Objective indices of functional capacity in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and stage B heart failure (HF) have not been comprehensively defined. We sought to characterize the cardiopulmonary exercise characteristics of individuals with diabetic cardiomyopathy at high risk for overt HF.

Methods: The relationships from cardiopulmonary exercise testing with clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants with diabetic cardiomyopathy were evaluated using baseline data from the ARISE-HF trial (Aldose Reductase Inhibition for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure).

US general population food allergy treatment preferences: a discrete choice experiment.

Objective: To quantify treatment preferences for food allergy management options (oral immunotherapy, biologic therapy, and allergen avoidance), overall and by sociodemographic strata.

Methods: A US general population (≥13 years) discrete choice experiment (DCE) conducted comprised of 12 treatment-feature focused DCE choice sets; the Intolerance of Uncertainty─12 Scale (IUS-12); and clinical/demographic questions. Conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted overall and by age, income, urbanization, educational attainment, food and other sociodemographic factors, and presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Prevalence and clinical impact of disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute aortic dissection: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular emergency with high mortality rates. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a critical complication in patients with acute aortic dissection; however, its incidence and impact on outcomes remain inconclusive.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate DIC prevalence and prognosis in patients with aortic dissection.

Re-evaluating large for gestational age: differential effects on perinatal outcomes in term and premature births.

Objective: Pregnancies with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) fetuses are associated with increased risks of various adverse perinatal outcomes. While existing research primarily focuses on term neonates, less is known about preterm neonates. This study aims to explore the risks of adverse maternal and neonatal perinatal outcomes associated with LGA in term neonates and neonates with different degrees of prematurity, compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) neonates.

The mediating effect of clinical belongingness on the relationship between anxiety and professional identity in nursing interns: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies have reported that anxiety negatively affects professional identity (PI), and clinical belongingness is positively correlated with PI among nursing interns. However, little is known about the relationship between anxiety, PI, and clinical belongingness among nursing interns.

Objective: To explore the relationship between PI, clinical belongingness, and anxiety among nursing interns, and to demonstrate the mediating role of clinical belongingness in this relationship.

Safety and efficacy of sugammadex in management of patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing general anesthesia: A systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze available evidence on efficacy and safety of sugammadex in reversing neuromuscular blockades in patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG), thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of its potential benefits and risks in this specific patient population.

Methods: We performed a systematic search for studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Sources were screened using Rayyan, following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on English articles published from 2010 to 2024 on MG patients under general anesthesia.

Unveiling hotspots of emerging research in the miRNA-related mechanism underlying cancer through comprehensive bibliometric analysis with implications for precision medicine and non-invasive diagnostics.

Background And Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in cancer by exerting roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and even drug resistance. The general trends of miRNA research in diverse cancers are not fully understood. In this work, miRNA-related research in colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and brain tumors was analyzed in search of key research trends with clinical potential.

Case report: Selpercatinib in the treatment of fusion-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma: a challenging clinical case.

Background: Rearranged during transfection () fusions represent a distinct molecular subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with targeted therapeutic potential. Selpercatinib, a highly selective inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in various solid tumors harboring alterations. Here, we present a case highlighting the use and clinical outcomes of selpercatinib in a patient diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring a fusion.

Importance of Exercise for Career Longevity: Maintaining Fitness, Strength, and Flexibility as a Plastic Surgeon.

The benefits of exercise for the general population are well established, although there is limited information focusing on its importance for plastic surgeons. Plastic surgery is arguably one of the most physically taxing fields within medicine due to lengthy operations that often require putting oneself in uncomfortable positions for the majority of the case, all while maintaining mental focus and discipline. It is essential to incorporate regular routines that can optimize a plastic surgeon's mental and physical capacity both short- and long-term.

Post-craniotomy intracranial pressure monitoring: a novel approach combining optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasonography and cervical-cerebral arterial ultrasound.

Objective: Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), a common complication in traumatic brain injuries (TBI), can lead to optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) enlargement and flow spectrum changes from the internal carotid artery (ICA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA). This study will investigate the use of Cervical-Cerebral Arterial Ultrasound (CCAU) for non-invasive ICP assessment and evaluating the related indices' clinical utility in TBI patients with decompressive craniotomy (DC).

Methods: ONSD and flow spectrum changes were measured within 24 h after DC in 106 patients via ultrasonic ONSD measurement and CCAU, simultaneously.

Determinants of epilepsy among outpatients in public health institutions of Dawo district, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023: an institutional-based unmatched case-control study.

Background: Globally, in ~50% of epilepsy cases, the underlying cause remains unknown, despite the fact that various disease pathways may contribute to the condition. Nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries and the risk of premature death in people with epilepsy is up to three times higher than that for the general population. Identifying the determinants of epilepsy is important for applying evidence-based interventions to achieve a better outcome.

An analysis of knowledge, attitudes, practice and influencing factors for tuberculosis prevention and control among Hainan University students.

Objective: To assess the current status of knowledge, attitude, and practice pertaining to tuberculosis prevention among college students in Hainan Province, China, and to identify influential factors. The findings of this study are intended to provide valuable insights for the development and implementation of effective health education programs aimed at tuberculosis prevention and control.

Methods: A convenient sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire-based survey among college students at a university in Hainan Province using the Wenjuanxing platform from January to February 2023.

Chronic moderate‑intensity exercise can induce physiological hypertrophy in aged cardiomyocytes through autophagy, with minimal Yap/Taz involvement.

Aging is known to cause increased comorbidities associated with cardiovascular decline. Physical exercises were known to be an effective intervention for the age-associated decline in cardiac function. Exercise caused physiological hypertrophy influenced by Yap/Taz, autophagy and myosin heavy chain (MHC) dynamics.

Drug-induced dementia: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.

Background: Dementia is a serious adverse event (AE) that requires attention in clinical practice. However, information on drug-induced dementia is limited. The U.

Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes.

Background: Inadequate energy intake among athletes can lead to low energy availability (LEA) which in turn can result in negative effects on athletic performance and physical and psychological health. This syndrome is known as relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs).

Objective: To map perceived changes in overall food intake among adolescent athletes during the previous year, as well as weekly changes during a 3-month period and to examine how these changes are associated with mental health, physical load and sex.

Characterization of LTBP2 mutation causing mitral valve prolapse.

Aims: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common valvular disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with a strong genetic basis. This study aimed to identify a mutation in a family with MVP and to characterize the valve phenotype in LTBP2 knockout (KO) mice.

Methods And Results: Exome sequencing and segregation analysis were performed on a large family with MVP.

Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated With Increased All-Cause Mortality Risk Among Older Black Adults.

Background And Objectives: Older patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of all-cause mortality than the general population. However, there is limited information available on how CKD relates to all-cause mortality among Black adults in the United States. We aimed to investigate how CKD relates to all-cause mortality risk among older Black adults.

MicroRNAs in pancreatic cancer drug resistance: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, primarily due to its intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key regulators of gene expression, have been identified as crucial modulators of drug resistance mechanisms in this cancer type. This review synthesizes recent advancements in our understanding of how miRNAs influence treatment efficacy in PC.

Frequency and Molecular Characteristics of Mismatch Repair-deficient Status among Multiple Synchronous Colorectal Cancers.

Objectives: Mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) have been largely categorized into three subtypes: methylated, Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated, and Lynch-like syndrome (LLS)-associated. No studies have examined the prevalence and subtypes of synchronously diagnosed dMMR CRCs in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the frequency and molecular characteristics of the dMMR status among multiple synchronous CRCs to clarify the clinical significance of identifying patients with such tumors.

Factors Affecting the Prognosis after Primary Tumor Resection for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Synchronous Peritoneal Metastasis: A Multi-center, Prospective, Observational Study.

Objectives: To clarify the risk factors affecting prognosis after primary tumor resection (PTR) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastasis (mCRC-SPM).

Methods: Patients were enrolled prospectively in the JSCCR project "Grading of Peritoneal Seeding in Colorectal Cancer." Factors that may influence overall survival-age, sex, location of the primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, presence of liver metastasis, degree of peritoneal metastasis, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), cancer cure, and postoperative chemotherapy-in the PTR group were examined using multivariate analysis.

Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity'.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex condition marked by persistent distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviours. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms behind OCD remain elusive, and current treatments are limited. This protocol outlines an investigative study for individuals with OCD, exploring the potential of psilocybin to improve key components of cognition implicated in the disorder.

Assessing the Benefit of a Digital Pain Alert System in a Community Hospital.

Introduction: In the last decade, clinical alert systems were developed for clinical use, including patient deterioration and other urgent clinical situations. However, investigations focusing on digital pain alert systems to assess and manage pain on time in in-hospital patients are scarce. The objective of the study was to assess the implementation of digital pain alerts in the various departments of a community hospital.

Characterization of cognitive functioning in complex PTSD compared to non-complex PTSD.

Background: Previous research has indicated cognitive impairments in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specifically in attention, memory, and executive functioning. However, there is limited knowledge about the cognitive profile of individuals with complex PTSD (cPTSD), a new diagnosis in ICD-11. Moreover, predictors of cognitive impairment remain unclear.