Camouflaging in neurodivergent and neurotypical girls at the transition to adolescence and its relationship to mental health: A participatory methods research study.

Background: Adolescent girls with diagnoses of autism, ADHD and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at higher risk for mental health problems than boys with the same diagnoses and neurotypical girls. These girls are called neurodivergent here, though neurodivergence includes a broader range of diagnoses. One possible reason for this mental health disparity could be camouflaging, a coping strategy used more by girls.

Apathy and effort-based decision-making in Alzheimer's disease and subjective cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Apathy is a significant feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), though its mechanisms are not well established.

Methods: An effort-based decision-making (EBDM) framework was applied to investigate apathy in 30 AD patients, 41 SCI participants, and 55 healthy controls (HC). Data were analyzed using a drift-diffusion model (DDM) to uncover latent psychological processes.

A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Apathy in Parkinson's Disease.

Apathy is recognized to be a common, disabling syndrome that occurs across a range of psychiatric and neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease. It can have a significant impact on quality of life, both for people affected and those around them. Currently, there are no established, evidence-based treatments for this debilitating syndrome.

Relationship of plasma biomarkers to digital cognitive tests in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: A major limitation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research is the lack of the ability to measure cognitive performance at scale-robustly, remotely, and frequently. Currently, there are no established online digital platforms validated against plasma biomarkers of AD.

Methods: We used a novel web-based platform that assessed different cognitive functions in AD patients ( = 46) and elderly controls ( = 53) who were also evaluated for plasma biomarkers (amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau ([p-tau]181, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain).

The relationship between dissociation and panic symptoms in adolescence and the exploration of potential mediators.

Background: Dissociative experiences have been linked to panic symptoms in adolescents, yet the nature of the association remains unclear.

Methods: In the present study, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between dissociative experiences (focusing on the felt sense of anomaly subtype) and panic, as well as the potential mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies (expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal), alexithymia, and cognitive appraisals of dissociation. Four thousand five hundred one adolescents aged 13-18 years were recruited via social media advertising to take part in an online survey at two timepoints, 1 month apart.

The relationship between cognitive and affective control and adolescent mental health.

Background: Cognitive control problems have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of mental health problems, including depression, in adults. Studies in adolescents have been more equivocal, with some showing changes in cognitive control in adolescents with mental health problems, whereas others fail to show an association. This study examines whether adolescent mental health is associated with control, the application of cognitive control in affective contexts, which shows more protracted development than cognitive control.

Infection, Inflammation, and Poststroke Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Infection and inflammation are dementia risk factors in population-based cohorts; however, studies in stroke are scarce. We determined the prevalence of infection after stroke and routinely measured inflammatory biomarkers during hospitalization and their associations with acute and 6-month cognitive impairment.

Methods And Results: A prospective stroke cohort completed the Oxford Cognitive Screen at ≤2 weeks and 6 months after stroke.

Transactional associations of child irritability and anxiety with parent psychological control in Taiwanese school-aged children.

Background: Child irritability and anxiety are associated with parent psychological control; yet their transactional relations over time are not well-characterized at the within-person level. Research addressing generalizability of past Western-based literature in non-Western, collectivist community samples is lacking.

Methods: Sample comprised 285 children aged 8.

Heterogeneity in children's reading comprehension difficulties: A latent class approach.

Background: Poor comprehenders are traditionally identified as having below-average reading comprehension, average-range word reading, and a discrepancy between the two. While oral language tends to be low in poor comprehenders, reading is a complex trait and heterogeneity may go undetected by group-level comparisons.

Methods: We took a preregistered data-driven approach to identify poor comprehenders and examine whether multiple distinct cognitive profiles underlie their difficulties.

More frequent naps are associated with lower cognitive development in a cohort of 8-38-month-old children, during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: How often a child naps, during infancy, is believed to reflect both intrinsic factors, that is, the need of an immature brain to consolidate information soon after it is acquired, and environmental factors. Difficulty accounting for important environmental factors that interfere with a child's sleep needs (e.g.

Three year outcomes in infants with a family history of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Most research on early outcomes in infants with a family history (FH) of autism has focussed on categorically defined autism, although some have language and developmental delays. Less is known about outcomes in infants with a FH of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Infants with and without a FH of autism and/or ADHD, due to a first-degree relative with either or both conditions, were recruited at 5 or 10 months.

Prevalence and predictors of binge eating disorder symptoms among a sample of university students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional survey.

Background And Aims: There is a dearth of information about binge eating disorder (BED) among Bangladeshi university students, who may be more susceptible to BED due to the rise in unhealthy lifestyles and food habits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of BED symptoms among Bangladeshi university students.

Methods: Students ( = 525) from three public universities in Bangladesh participated in this cross-sectional study between November 2022 and March 2023.

Examining Children and adolescent mental health trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a year of the Co-SPACE study.

Background: A major concern throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has been on young people's experiences with mental health. In this study we mapped children and adolescents' mental health trajectories over 13 months of the pandemic and examine whether family, peer, and individual-level factors were associated with trajectory membership.

Methods: This study focuses on a sub-sample from the Co-SPACE study of 3322 children and adolescents (aged 4-16 years) for whom parents completed a survey at Time 0 and at least one follow-up survey between March 2020 and May 2021.

Changes in UK pre-schooler's mental health symptoms over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from Co-SPYCE study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption to the lives of children and their families. Pre-school children may have been particularly vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic, with the closure of childcare facilities, playgrounds, playcentres and parent and toddler groups limiting their opportunities for social interaction at a crucial stage of development. Additionally, for parents working from home, caring for pre-school aged children who require high levels of support and care, was likely challenging.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of nonpharmacological interventions for children and adolescents with selective mutism.

Background: Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder that often starts in early years with serious and lasting consequences. Nonpharmacological interventions are commonly seen as the preferred first treatment. This systematic review identifies outcome measures used and outcomes achieved for nonpharmacological interventions for children and adolescents with SM.

Inhibitory control and problem solving in early childhood: Exploring the burdens and benefits of high self-control.

Low inhibitory control (IC) is sometimes associated with enhanced problem-solving amongst adults, yet for young children high IC is primarily framed as inherently better than low IC. Here, we explore associations between IC and performance on a novel problem-solving task, amongst 102 English 2- and 3-year-olds (Study 1) and 84 Swedish children, seen at 18-months and 4-years (Study 2). Generativity during problem-solving was negatively associated with IC, as measured by prohibition-compliance (Study 1, both ages, Study 2 longitudinally from 18-months).

Maternal depressive symptoms and early childhood temperament before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unexpected and major global event, with the potential to have many and varied impacts on child development. However, the implications of the pandemic for maternal depressive symptoms, early childhood temperament dimensions, and their associations, remain largely unknown. To investigate this, questionnaires were completed by mothers ( = 175) before and during the pandemic when their child was 10- and 16-months old (Study 1), and by an extended group of mothers with young children (6-48 months; 66 additional mothers) during the first and second national lockdowns in the United Kingdom in 2020 (Study 2).

How did the mental health symptoms of children and adolescents change over early lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK?

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive disruption to the lives of children and young people. Understanding the psychological effects on children and young people, in the context of known risk factors is crucial to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. This study set out to explore how mental health symptoms in children and adolescents changed over a month of full lockdown in the United Kingdom in response to the pandemic.

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) during COVID-19 boosts growth in language and executive function.

High-quality, centre-based education and care during the early years benefit cognitive development, especially in children from disadvantaged backgrounds. During the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns, access to early childhood education and care (ECEC) was disrupted. We investigate how this period affected the developmental advantages typically offered by ECEC.

Neural and Psychological Predictors of Cognitive Enhancement and Impairment from Neurostimulation.

Modulating the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), especially the right counterpart, shows promises in enhancing social cognitive ability. However, it is ambiguous whether the functional lateralization of TPJ determines people's responsiveness to brain stimulation. Here, this issue is investigated with an individual difference approach.

Differential impact of behavioral, social, and emotional apathy on Parkinson's disease.

Apathy is highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease. New findings suggest the syndrome is multifaceted. Here, we investigate whether all aspects of apathy are equally affected in Parkinson's disease and whether different dimensions of apathy were associated with depression and anhedonia.

Systematic review of psychological, emotional and behavioural impacts of surgical incidents on operating theatre staff.

Background: Adverse surgical incidents affect both patients and health professionals. This study sought to explore the effect of surgical incidents on operating theatre staff and their subsequent behaviours.

Methods: Eligible studies were primary research or reviews that focused on the effect of incidents on operating theatre staff in primary, secondary or tertiary care settings.

Moral processing deficit in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is associated with facial emotion recognition and brain changes in default mode and salience network areas.

Introduction: Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is associated with abnormal emotion recognition and moral processing.

Methods: We assessed emotion detection, discrimination, matching, selection, and categorization as well as judgments of nonmoral, moral impersonal, moral personal low- and high-conflict scenarios.

Results: bvFTD patients gave more utilitarian responses on low-conflict personal moral dilemmas.

Effort but not Reward Sensitivity is Altered by Acute Sickness Induced by Experimental Endotoxemia in Humans.

Sickness behavior in humans is characterized by low mood and fatigue, which have been suggested to reflect changes in motivation involving reorganization of priorities. However, it is unclear which specific processes underlying motivation are altered. We tested whether bacterial endotoxin E.

Early maltreatment effects on adolescent attention control to non-emotional and emotional distractors.

Objective: Early maltreatment increases lifetime risk of psychopathology. Emerging models suggest that exposure to maltreatment leads to changes in cognitive processes associated with the processing of threat, including processes of selective attention. Existing data may be interpreted to suggest that maltreatment is associated with an automatic attentional engagement with threatening cues, or that maltreatment is associated with generally poorer attention control.