Resistance reduction and cross-resistance of spinosad-resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and the association between spinosad resistance and maltase activity.

Background: The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, is a serious stored-products pest mainly controlled by insecticides. Spinosad, an environmentally friendly biological insecticide with low mammalian toxicity, is considered a suitable candidate for R. dominica management.

Amino Acid Profile and Mineral Content of Cultivated Snails and : Assessing Their Potential as Nutritional Source.

This study evaluates the nutritional potential of two cultivated snail species, and , sourced from commercial farms in Korea, marking the first comprehensive analysis of . The protein content of (70.9 g/100 g dry matter) was significantly higher than that of (44.

An Overview of Zika Virus and Zika Virus Induced Neuropathies.

Flaviviruses pose a major public health concern across the globe. Among them, Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging and reemerging arthropod-borne flavivirus that has become a major international public health problem following multiple large outbreaks over the past two decades. The majority of infections caused by ZIKV exhibit mild symptoms.

Sequential Defense Strategies: From Ant Recruitment to Leaf Toughness.

Plants express many types of defenses in response to herbivory damage. These defenses can be displayed as a sequence or they can overlap, increasing efficiency in protection. However, leaf defense shifts during leaf development, including extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), are neglected in natural tropical systems.

Phytochemical Profiling, Bioactivity, and Insecticidal Effectiveness of L. Leaf Extracts Against sp.

Plant botanical extracts are recognized for being a source of biologically active phytochemicals that potentially have diverse applications. The phytochemical composition, potential cytotoxicity, and insecticidal effectiveness of three leaf extracts from the folkloric medicinal plant L. (Calophyllaceae) were investigated.

Effectiveness of a tailored forest package of interventions, including topical repellents, in reducing malaria incidence in Myanmar.

Background: In Myanmar, progress towards malaria elimination has stagnated in some areas requiring deployment of new tools and approaches to accelerate malaria elimination. While there is evidence that networks of community-based malaria workers and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) can reduce malaria transmission in a variety of settings, evidence for the effectiveness of other interventions, such as topical repellents, is limited. Since malaria transmission in Myanmar occurs outdoors, mainly among forest-goers, this study tested the effectiveness of topical repellents in combination with supplemental ITN distribution and strengthened networks of malaria workers.

A comparative template-switching cDNA approach for HTS-based multiplex detection of three viruses and one viroid commonly found in apple trees.

Exclusion is a keystone of integrated pest management to prevent the introduction of pathogens. U.S.

The power of caring touch: from survival to prosocial cooperation.

Cooperation is a pivotal biological phenomenon that occurs in diverse forms. In species that engage in helping, individuals vary in the time they spend together and the degree of their physical proximity, which affects the extent of physical touch between individuals. Here, we propose that touch activates a hormonal feedback loop that supports bond formation and maintenance in mating, parenting, and social contexts.

Ethanol release patterns and captures of Xylosandrus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ornamental nursery.

Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford are serious ambrosia beetle pests in ornamental nurseries. Three ethanol baits, AgBio low release (LR), AgBio high release (HR), and Trécé are commercially available for use in bottle traps to determine flight activity of adult Xylosandrus spp. However, release patterns of ethanol from these baits under varying temperatures and captures of Xylosandrus spp.

The ecdysone-induced bZIP transcription factor MafB establishes a positive feedback loop to enhance vitellogenesis and reproduction in the mosquito.

Female mosquitoes require a vertebrate blood meal to activate reproduction, transmitting numerous devastating human diseases. Vitellogenesis is a central event of female reproduction that involves the massive production of vitellogenin (Vg) in the fat body and the maturation of ovaries. This process is controlled by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E); however, its molecular regulatory basis remains not completely understood.

Cross-resistance between strain AFS009 metabolites (Howler EVO) and fludioxonil in .

Howler EVO is a biological fungicide based on metabolites of the bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009. One of the metabolites, pyrrolnitrin (PRN), is a chemical analogue of the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil used to manage gray mold of fruit crops caused by Botrytis cinerea. Resistance to fludioxonil in B.

Semi-field experiments reveal contrasted predation and movement patterns of aquatic macroinvertebrate predators of Anopheles gambiae larvae.

Background: Members of the Anopheles gambiae complex are major malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa. Their larval stages inhabit a variety of aquatic habitats in which, under natural circumstances, they are preyed upon by different taxa of aquatic macroinvertebrate predators. Understanding the potential impact of predators on malaria vector larval population dynamics is important for enabling integrated local mosquito control programmes with a stronger emphasis on biocontrol approaches.

Elevated CO alters soybean physiology and defense responses, and has disparate effects on susceptibility to diverse microbial pathogens.

Increasing atmospheric CO levels have a variety of effects that can influence plant responses to microbial pathogens. However, these responses are varied, and it is challenging to predict how elevated CO (eCO) will affect a particular plant-pathogen interaction. We investigated how eCO may influence disease development and responses to diverse pathogens in the major oilseed crop, soybean.

Superstable lipid vacuoles endow cartilage with its shape and biomechanics.

Conventionally, the size, shape, and biomechanics of cartilages are determined by their voluminous extracellular matrix. By contrast, we found that multiple murine cartilages consist of lipid-filled cells called lipochondrocytes. Despite resembling adipocytes, lipochondrocytes were molecularly distinct and produced lipids exclusively through de novo lipogenesis.

Bernard Greenberg: a legacy in medical, veterinary, and forensic entomology.

Bernard Greenberg was a ground-breaking scientist in the worlds of medical-veterinary and forensic entomology, studying the ability of flies to serve as a vector of human and other vertebrate pathogens. His work also extended beyond these topics, creating key studies on flies and their associated microbial ecology. These efforts led to numerous research publications and two books on flies and their associated microorganisms.

Effects of timed LED regimes on tomato plant traits, performance of two-spotted spider mites, and predatory mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis).

Background: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are being used in controlled environments to enhance crop production and pest management with most studies focusing on continuous treatments (applied throughout the entire daytime or nighttime period). Here, we tested the hypothesis that providing tomato plants with timed LED regimes (daily 3-h doses of red, blue, or far-red LED) during the day or at night may affect their traits (leaf reflectance indices, element composition, and phenolic profile), performance of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) (TSSM), and a species of predatory mite (Phytoseiulus persimilis).

Results: Nighttime LED regimes significantly altered leaf element composition: red LED increased K levels, blue LED enhanced Mg levels, and far-red LED enhanced Mn and Cu and reduced Zn levels.

How Can Overlooking Social Interactions, Space Familiarity or Other "Invisible Landscapes" Shaping Animal Movement Bias Habitat Selection Estimations and Species Distribution Predictions?

Species' future distributions are commonly predicted using models that link the likelihood of occurrence of individuals to the environment. Although animals' movements are influenced by physical and non-physical landscapes, for example related to individual experiences such as space familiarity or previous encounters with conspecifics, species distribution models developed from observations of unknown individuals cannot integrate these latter variables, turning them into 'invisible landscapes'. In this theoretical study, we address how overlooking 'invisible landscapes' impacts the estimation of habitat selection and thereby the projection of future distributions.

Three new species of (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) from southwestern China.

Three new species of the genus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), Jiang & Yang, Jiang & Yang and Jiang & Yang, , collected from southwestern China, are described and illustrated. The two new species, Jiang & Yang, and Jiang & Yang, , are similar to (Jacobi, 1944), Young, 1986, Kuoh, 1991, Li, 1992, Yang, Meng & Li, 2017, Yang, Meng & Li, 2017, and Jiang & Yang, 2022 in appearances, but can be distinguished from these species by the characteristic of aedeagus, paraphysis, and pygofer. Jiang & Yang, can be distinguished from all the known species by its special color and markings, as well as males having one ostiole in the center of the base of each subgenital plate.

Chemically Hydrophobic and Structurally Antireflective Nanocoatings in Butterflies.

Moth-eye nanostructures, known for their biological antireflective properties, are formed by a self-assembly mechanism. Understanding and replicating this mechanism on artificial surfaces open avenues for the engineering of bioinspired multifunctional nanomaterials. Analysis of corneal nanocoatings from butterflies of the genus reveals a variety of nanostructures with uniformly strong antiwetting properties accompanied by varying antireflective functionalities.

Biogenic synthesis of titanium nanoparticles by Streptomyces rubrolavendulae for sustainable management of Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas).

Biosynthesized nanoparticles have a variety of applications, and microorganisms are considered one of the most ideal sources for the synthesis of green nanoparticles. Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) is a pest that has many generations per year and can affect 123 plant species from 49 families by absorbing sap from bark, forming honeydew, causing sooty mold, and attracting invasive ant species, leading to significant agricultural losses. The purpose of this work was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) from marine actinobacteria and evaluate their insecticidal effects on Icerya aegyptiaca (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), in addition to explaining their effects on protein electrophoresis analysis of SDS‒PAGE proteins from control and treated insects after 24, 72 and 120 h of exposure.

Nymphal feeding suppresses oviposition-induced indirect plant defense in rice.

Feeding and oviposition by phytophagous insects are both known to trigger defenses in plants. Whether these two defenses functionally interact remains poorly studied, although these interactions are likely important for pests with overlapping generations. Here we investigated the differences and interaction between feeding- and oviposition-induced plant defenses triggered by the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), which gregariously feeds and oviposits on rice.

Role of mutation G255A in modulating pyrethroid sensitivity in insect sodium channels.

A voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) plays a crucial role in insect electrical signals, and it is a target for various naturally occurring and synthesized neurotoxins, including pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. The type of agent is typically widely used to prevent and control sanitary and agricultural pests. The perennial use of insecticides has caused mutations in VGSCs that have given rise to resistance in most insects.

Genome-wide analyses provide insights into genetic variation, phylo- and co-phylogenetic relationships, and biogeography of the entomopathogenic nematode genus Heterorhabditis.

Multigene, genus-wide phylogenetic studies have uncovered the limited taxonomic resolution power of commonly used gene markers, particularly of rRNA genes, to discriminate closely related species of the nematode genus Heterorhabditis. In addition, conflicting tree topologies are often obtained using the different gene markers, which limits our understanding of the phylo- and co-phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the entomopathogenic nematode genus Heterorhabditis. Here we carried out phylogenomic reconstructions using whole nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and whole ribosomal operon sequences, as well as multiple phylogenetic reconstructions using various single nuclear and mitochondrial genes.

The Impact of Administrative Districts and Urban Landscape on the Dispersal of Aedes aegypti via Genetic Differentiation.

Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions and cause numerous deaths annually. Effective vector control, which hinges on understanding their dispersal, is vital for reducing infection rates. Given the variability in study results, likely due to environmental and human factors, gathering local dispersal data is critical for targeted disease control.

Coloration in a Praying Mantis: Color Change, Sexual Color Dimorphism, and Possible Camouflage Strategies.

Background matching, an important form of camouflage, can be challenging for animals that range across heterogeneously colored habitats. To remain cryptic in such habitats, animals may employ color change, background choice, or generalist coloration, and the efficacy of these strategies may be influenced by an animal's mobility. We examined camouflage strategies in the praying mantis .