The vision of Cyber-Physical Systems leads to a new architectural design for Smart Environments, affecting how systems in Smart Cities are developed and implemented.
Key components of this design include modular architecture, resource-sharing strategies, and specific deployment methods like microservices and Function as a Service (FaaS).
The paper proposes a framework for Digital Decisioning, which merges human knowledge with data-driven insights (like machine learning) to improve decision-making and application development in Smart Cities.