Evaluation of antibiotic purchase data for ceftiofur and enrofloxacin and minimum inhibitory concentrations among Escherichia coli isolates from swine farms in the Midwestern United States using multiple statistical models.

Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global One Health threat. Controlling selection pressure by reducing antibiotic use in livestock is a significant component of the response to this threat. The science concerning use and resistance is complicated and affected by time from antibiotic exposure, changing bacterial fitness, and varies by drug and pathogen.

Stable isotope tempestology of tropical cyclones across the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean basins.

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the major natural hazards to island and coastal communities and ecosystems. However, isotopic compositions of TC-derived precipitation (P) in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) reservoirs are still lacking. We tested the three main assumptions of the isotope storm "spike" hypothesis (sudden spikes in isotopic ratios).

Gut Microbiota-microRNA Interactions and Obesity Pathophysiology: A Systematic Review of Integrated Studies.

Obesity is the fifth leading cause of death globally and its comorbidities put a high burden on societies and cause disability. In this review, we aim to summarize the interactions and crosstalk between gut microbiota and micro-RNA (miRNA) in obesity. We searched for the relevant literature through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct.

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups.

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission-fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals.

African bat database: curated data of occurrences, distributions and conservation metrics for sub-Saharan bats.

Accurate knowledge of species distributions is foundational for effective conservation efforts. Bats are a diverse group of mammals, with important roles in ecosystem functioning. However, our understanding of bats and their ecological importance is hindered by poorly defined ranges, mostly as a result of under-recording.

Digital Information Ecosystems in Modern Care Coordination and Patient Care Pathways and the Challenges and Opportunities for AI Solutions.

The integration of digital technologies into health care has significantly enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of care coordination. Our perspective paper explores the digital information ecosystems in modern care coordination, focusing on the processes of information generation, updating, transmission, and exchange along a patient's care pathway. We identify several challenges within this ecosystem, including interoperability issues, information silos, hard-to-map patient care journeys, increased workload on health care professionals, coordination and communication gaps, and compliance with privacy regulations.

Addressing data disparities is critical for biodiversity assessments.

Biodiversity and nature assessments such as the US National Nature Assessment assess the state of biodiversity and the contributions of nature to humans.. Using three species relevant to public health, the economy, and ecosystem services, we illustrate here how socioeconomics relate to biodiversity data availability.

A conceptual framework to inform conservation status assessments of non-charismatic species.

The conservation of at-risk species is rooted in the ability of natural resource agencies to recognize when a species is imperiled and in need of regulatory action, which can be a difficult task due to incomplete information. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), are a highly imperiled group of aquatic organisms and conservation tools such as the NatureServe Conservation Methodology provide a framework to determine whether a species is in decline and in need of potential management. For data deficient species like mussels this method relies heavily on expert opinion, which can lead to biased estimates of conservation status that may not reflect the true nature of their conservation need.

Tracking the North American Asian Longhorned Beetle Invasion With Genomics.

Biological invasions pose significant threats to ecological and economic stability, with invasive pests like the Asian longhorned beetle ( Motschulsky, ALB) causing substantial damage to forest ecosystems. Effective pest management relies on comprehensive knowledge of the insect's biology and invasion history. This study uses genomics to address these knowledge gaps and inform existing biosurveillance frameworks.

Increased stability of a subtropic bamboo forest soil bacterial communities through integration of water and fertilizer management compared to conventional management.

Background: Conventional management (CM), substantial fertilization and flooding irrigation, has led to soil acidification, the decrease in soil bacterial diversity in bamboo forests. Integration of water and fertilizer management (IWF) can effectively improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use, but its effect on soil environment, especially on microbial community, is still unclear.

Methods: Here, we used next-generation high-throughput sequencing to compare soil properties and bacterial communities through different fertilization and irrigation methods under IWF and CM.

Multi-temporal assessment of a wildfire chronosequence by remote sensing.

The study aimed to develop a methodological framework to identify forest ecosystems affected by wildfires and evaluate their recovery chronologically. To do this remote sensing analysis, sites with burn scars were selected based on various criteria (fire severity, affected area, vegetation and soil type, slope, aspect, and one-time occurrence of wildfire in the last 23 years). Spectral vegetation indices (VIs) from satellite imagery were used to estimate burn severity and vegetation cover changes.

Nepali oral microbiomes reflect a gradient of lifestyles from traditional to industrialized.

Background: Lifestyle plays an important role in shaping the gut microbiome. However, its contributions to the oral microbiome remain less clear, due to the confounding effects of geography and methodology in investigations of populations studied to date. Furthermore, while the oral microbiome seems to differ between foraging and industrialized populations, we lack insight into whether transitions to and away from agrarian lifestyles shape the oral microbiota.

A multi-year study of acoustic propagation and ambient sound in a Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadow in a shallow sub-tropical lagoona).

Seagrasses provide a multitude of ecosystem services and act as important carbon sinks. However, seagrass habitats are declining globally, and they are among the most threatened ecosystems on earth. For these reasons, long-term and continuous measurements of seagrass parameters are of primary importance for ecosystem health assessment and sustainable management.

Acclimation of Photosynthesis to CO Increases Ecosystem Carbon Storage due to Leaf Nitrogen Savings.

Photosynthesis is the largest flux of carbon between the atmosphere and Earth's surface and is driven by enzymes that require nitrogen, namely, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBisCO). Thus, photosynthesis is a key link between the terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycle, and the representation of this link is critical for coupled carbon-nitrogen land surface models. Models and observations suggest that soil nitrogen availability can limit plant productivity increases under elevated CO.

An improved framework for mapping and assessment of dynamics in cropping pattern and crop calendar from NDVI time series across a heterogeneous agro-climatic region.

The absence of spatial and temporal cropping information in semi-arid regions poses a significant challenge in assessing the dynamics of agricultural systems at river basin scales. Satellite remote sensing provides qualitative and quantitative information to derive vegetation dynamics over extensive areas of inherent complexities due to limitations in the availability of field data and the diverse nature of agricultural cropping practices. Utilizing phenological information derived from MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series data from 2003-2004 to 2021-2022, this study derives major crop types, and cropping calendar (sowing, maturity, and harvest dates) for each season and year at 250-m resolution.

The rise and transformation of Bronze Age pastoralists in the Caucasus.

The Caucasus and surrounding areas, with their rich metal resources, became a crucible of the Bronze Age and the birthplace of the earliest steppe pastoralist societies. Yet, despite this region having a large influence on the subsequent development of Europe and Asia, questions remain regarding its hunter-gatherer past and its formation of expansionist mobile steppe societies. Here we present new genome-wide data for 131 individuals from 38 archaeological sites spanning 6,000 years.

Ecologically friendly remediation of groundwater sulfamethoxazole contamination: Biologically synergistic degradation by thermally modified activated carbon-activated peracetic acid in porous media.

This study examines the efficacy and environmental impact of peracetic acid (PAA) activated by thermally modified activated carbon (AC600) for degrading antibiotics in actual groundwater. Laboratory-scale experiments evaluated the system's effects on contaminant degradation, ecological balance, and substance cycling in the hyporheic zone. Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the AC600/PAA system in removing sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from groundwater porous media.

Biofilms and microbiome profiles in chronic wounds: links to antibiotic use and wound severity in a Sri Lankan cohort.

Aims: We have characterized the microbiome of infected chronic diabetic wounds (CDWs), exploring associations with antibiotic use and wound severity in a Sri Lankan cohort.

Methods And Results: Fifty CDW patients were enrolled, 38 of whom received antibiotics. Tissue biopsies were analysed by microbiome profiling, and wounds were graded using the University of Texas Wound Grading System.

The state of the bats in North America.

The world's rich diversity of bats supports healthy ecosystems and important ecosystem services. Maintaining healthy biological systems requires prompt identification of threats to biodiversity and immediate action to protect species, which for wide-ranging bat species that span geopolitical boundaries warrants international coordination. Anthropogenic forces drive the threats to bats throughout North America and the world.

Integrated Pest Management: An Update on the Sustainability Approach to Crop Protection.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) emerged as a pest control framework promoting sustainable intensification of agriculture, by adopting a combined strategy to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides while improving crop productivity and ecosystem health. This critical review synthesizes the most recent advances in IPM research and practice, mostly focusing on studies published within the past five years. The Review discusses the key components of IPM, including cultural practices, biological control, genetic pest control, and targeted pesticide application, with a particular emphasis on the significant advancements made in biological control and targeted pesticide delivery systems.