Rural-urban disparity in uptaking skilled antenatal care visits by pregnant women in Bangladesh: Zero and One Inflated Poisson regression model.

Background: Utilization of maternal health care services, specifically, antenatal care services from skilled health providers have been given utmost priority in low- and middle-income countries over years with a view of mitigating complications during pregnancy as well as safeguarding the health and survival of both mother and newborn. However, there is a general tendency of pregnant mothers in Bangladesh of receiving skilled antenatal care (SANC) service once, or even never which refrains us to ensure World Health Organization (WHO) recommended eight plus SANC visits, additionally, to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number three.

Objectives: The study aims at assessing how the average number of SANC visits taken by the reproductive women in Bangladesh changes over the time in rural and urban areas together with finding out the potential demographic and socio-economic factors associated with SANC visits by addressing possible accumulation of zero and one counts in SANC visits.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Allene-alkyne Cascade Cyclization: Access to the Sulfone-cyclopenta[]naphthalene Core.

A ruthenium-catalyzed intramolecular cascade cyclization of allene-alkyne has been achieved. This method offers a streamlined and atom-economical approach for the construction of sulfone bearing 1-cyclopenta[]naphthalenes, an important structural scaffold that exists in biologically active compounds. Our approach, backed by mechanistic insights from deuterium labeling, DFT calculations, and potential for reaction scale-up, presents synthetic chemists with an invaluable tool for efficiently producing a distinct carbon framework in a one-pot manner.

Technological Adjuncts to Streamline Patient Recruitment, Informed Consent, and Data Management Processes in Clinical Research: Observational Study.

Background: Patient recruitment and data management are laborious, resource-intensive aspects of clinical research that often dictate whether the successful completion of studies is possible. Technological advances present opportunities for streamlining these processes, thus improving completion rates for clinical research studies.

Objective: This paper aims to demonstrate how technological adjuncts can enhance clinical research processes via automation and digital integration.

Default Bulk Ordering and Text Messaging to Enhance Outreach for Lipid Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: A comprehensive lipid panel is recommended by guidelines to evaluate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, but uptake is low.

Objective: To evaluate whether direct outreach including bulk orders with and without text messaging increases lipid screening rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Pragmatic randomized clinical trial conducted from June 6, 2023, to September 6, 2023, at 2 primary care practices at an academic health system among patients aged 20 to 75 years with at least 1 primary care visit in the past 3 years who were overdue for lipid screening.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Health Care Resource Use and Costs After Hospitalization With Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Children.

Importance: Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a leading cause of in-hospital child mortality. For survivors, posthospitalization health care resource use and costs are unknown.

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal health care resource use and costs after hospitalization with MOD in infants (aged <1 year) and children (aged 1-18 years).

Performance of spondyloarthritis-specific health utilities based on ASAS Health Index: an ancillary analysis from ASAS-HI validation study.

Objectives: To compare the utility values of Spondyloarthritis (SpA)-specific ASAS Health Index (U-ASAS-HI) to generic utilities and to understand the contribution of health outcomes, personal- and country-level factors to the U-ASAS-HI.

Methods: Ancillary analysis of the ASAS-HI international validation study. SpA patients who completed the ASAS-HI, 5-level EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D-5L) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires were selected, and utilities calculated.

Short-term costs of alcohol-associated hepatitis care in different clinical settings.

Background: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) leads to high rates of mortality and health care costs. Understanding the immediate costs after an AH diagnosis and identifying key cost factors is crucial for health care policies and clinical decisions.

Objectives: This study quantifies medical costs within 30 days of an AH diagnosis across outpatient (OP), emergency department (ED), and inpatient (IP) settings.

Effect of UV Light Exposure Duration on the Removal of Exfoliation Agent Residues in Two-Dimensional Perovskite Nanosheets: An AFM Study.

Accurate determination of dielectric properties and surface characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite nanosheets, produced by chemical exfoliation of layered perovskites, is often hindered by exfoliation agent residues such as tetrabutylammonium (TBA). This study investigates the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure duration on the removal of TBA residues from 2D Ca2NaNb4O13- nanosheets deposited on silicon substrates via Langmuir-Blodgett method using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoscale adhesion forces between silicon AFM tips and nanofilms exposed to UV light for 3, 12, 18, and 24 hours were measured.

Medicare telehealth utilization by Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: To address the extent to which Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and independent and provider-based Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) were using telehealth prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries who used outpatient services at FQHCs and RHCs were identified within the 2019-2021 5% Medicare Limited Data Set Outpatient and Carrier files. Rural-Urban Continuum Codes were used to identify rural-urban clinic locations.

Cross-Country Inequalities in Disease Burden and Quality of Care of Stroke, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background And Purpose: This study aims to assess the disease burden and care quality along with cross-country inequalities for stroke at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Data on stroke were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021 for the globe, five sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries/territories. The disease burden was quantified using the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR).

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Male Breast Cancer, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and often treated using evidence from female breast cancer (BC) trials due to limited male participation. Previous estimates lacked global coverage and completeness. We aimed to quantify the global MBC burden from 1990 to 2021 and evaluate its current status and trends.

Frontopolar Cortex Interacts With Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Causally Guide Metacognition.

Accurate metacognitive judgments about an individual's performance in a mental task require the brain to have access to representations of the quality and difficulty of first-order cognitive processes. However, little is known about how accurate metacognitive judgments are implemented in the brain. Here, we combine brain stimulation with functional neuroimaging to determine the neural and psychological mechanisms underlying the frontopolar cortex's (FPC) role in metacognition.

From Structure to Function: Isatin Derivatives as a Promising Class of Antiviral Agents.

A range of heterocyclic compounds, including Isatin (oneH-indole-2, 3-dione) and its by-products, have been shown to represent potential unit blocks in the synthesis of potential medicinal agents. Numerous studies have been carried out on isatin, its synthesis, biological uses, and its chemical composition since when it was discovered. Functionally, these isatin-containing heterocycles have demonstrated antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitubercular, and anticancer properties, among many others.

Impact of atrial fibrillation on productivity in working-age patients: an analysis of Swiss-AF prospective cohort study data.

Aims: We aimed to explore atrial fibrillation (AF)-induced productivity losses in working-age atrial fibrillation patients and to estimate atrial fibrillation-related indirect costs.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2017, the Swiss Atrial Fibrillation prospective cohort study (Swiss-AF) enrolled 217 working-age patients with documented atrial fibrillation. Self-reported changes in professional activity and the reasons thereof were descriptively analysed over 8 years of follow-up or until patients reached the retirement age.

Reimbursement policies of Swiss health insurances for the surgical treatment of symptomatic breast hypertrophy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with symptomatic breast hypertrophy typically suffer from chronic back pain, recurrent skin irritation at the inframammary fold and/or low self-esteem resulting in impaired quality of life. Reduction mammaplasty has been shown to effectively treat symptomatic breast hypertrophy with high patient satisfaction. Despite the obvious benefits, reimbursement requests for reduction mammaplasty are initially often refused by the patient's health insurance company, thereby frequently resulting in additional examinations and eventually extra expenses.

Budget impact analysis of insulin glargine vs. isophane protamine insulin treatment for patients with type-2 diabetes and severe hypoglycemia in Thailand.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the financial impact of different adoption rates of insulin glargine (IGlar) treatment compared to isophane protamine (neutral protamine hagedorn [NPH]) insulin treatment for patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D) and severe hypoglycemia in Thailand from the payer's perspective.

Methods: The budget impact analysis (BIA) model over a period of 5 years was used to estimate the net budget impact (NBI) of IGlar treatment by comparing the total budget expenditures under two scenarios: scenario 1 involved only NPH insulin and scenario 2 included the introduction of IGlar. The total budget included either the cost of insulin or a combination of the costs of insulin and the expense related to severe hypoglycemia.

An analysis of the current status of geriatric oral disease treatment-a dental institutions-based perspective.

Background: This study aimed to investigate and analyze the current status of oral disease treatment among the older adult in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, while also assessing the continuing medical education (CME) needs of dental institution personnel regarding oral diseases in this population.

Methods: Convenience sampling was used to investigate the oral disease treatment among older adults and to assess CME needs of dental institution personnel regarding oral diseases in this population across various oral medical and health institutions in Guangxi.

Results: A total of 754 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 70.

Factors influencing childbirth fear among Asian women: a scoping review.

Fear of childbirth (FOC) or tokophobia adversely affects women during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. Childbirth fear may differ across regions and cultures. We aimed to identify factors influencing the fear of childbirth among the Asian population.

Prevalence, risk and resilience factors of mental health conditions among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Female sex workers are a vulnerable hard-to-reach group. Research in this field is scarce due to several issues, such as methodological difficulties or societal stigmatization. Most of the available literature focuses on sexually transmittable diseases.

Coprinolide, a novel antifungal tricyclic polyketide with a rare furanone-fused chromene skeleton isolated from the mushroom .

A search for antifungal compounds from the mushroom using a bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation approach led to the discovery of a novel polyketide harboring a rare 3,3a,9,9a-tetrahydro-1-furo[3,4-]chromen-1-one skeleton. The novel compound was named coprinolide. The inhibitory activity and fungicidal potential of coprinolide were evaluated against five economically important plant-pathogenic fungi.

Heteroannulations of cyanoacetamide-based MCR scaffolds utilizing formamide.

C1 chemistry has a central role in the efficient utilization of single-carbon molecules, contributing significantly to sustainability, innovation and economic growth across various sectors. In this study, we present an efficient and rapid method for synthesizing a variety of heteroannulated pyrimidones using cyanoacetamide-based multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry. By utilizing specific MCR-based scaffolds as precursors and employing the abundant and inexpensive formamide as a C1 feedstock under neat conditions, we were able to efficiently access substituted thieno-, quinolino- and indolopyrimidones without the need of column chromatography.

E74-like ETS transcription factor 3 expression and regulation in human intervertebral disc.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the main causes of chronic low back pain. The degenerative process is often initiated by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic pathways. Despite the large socio-economic impact, the initiation and progress of disc degeneration are poorly understood.

The Impact of Chemotherapy on the Nutritional Status of Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among Pakistani women. It is mostly diagnosed at stage 2, requiring chemotherapy in certain cases. Chemotherapy is of two types: adjuvant and neoadjuvant.