Real-World Insights Into cN3 Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancer: Treatment Modalities, Long-Term Outcomes, and Prognostic Factors.

Objectives: cN3 larynx and hypopharynx cancer is rare with a poor prognosis. This study evaluates treatment approaches, effectiveness, and prognosis for these patients in real-world settings. It aims to offer targeted and practical clinical guidance to enhance their treatment results and quality of life.

Genetic landscape and ocular biometric correlations in microspherophakia: insights from a comprehensive patient cohort.

Aims: The aim of this study is to elucidate the genetic landscape of microspherophakia (MSP) and describe the genotype-phenotype correlation of MSP. Additionally, the study seeks to enhance the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of MSP through the discovery of novel loci.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with MSP at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, were included in the study and all underwent panel-based next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnea's causal links to depression, well-being, and negative moods: a bidirectional mendelian randomized study.

Previous observational studies showed associations between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depression and other negative moods. However, the causality has not been determined. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified as instrumental variables by screening from genome-wide association studies.

Exploring evolutionary use of single residue switches for alternative product outcome in class II diterpene cyclases.

Class II diterpene cyclases (DTCs) define the widespread labdane-related diterpenoids. These are particularly prevalent in plants due to the requisite production of gibberellin (GA) phytohormones, specifically from gene duplication and neofunctionalization of the relevant DTC. Alteration of product outcome can be predicted/engineered to some extent by changes in the ancestral histidine-asparagine catalytic base dyad found in the ent-copalyl pyrophosphate (ent-CPP) synthases (CPSs) involved in GA biosynthesis.

The novel role of foxi3 in zebrafish mandibular development.

Recent studies have identified pathogenic variants in the FOXI3 gene associated with craniofacial microsomia pedigrees. In zebrafish, the foxi1 gene is considered a functional homolog of the mouse Foxi3. However, research on foxi3a and foxi3b, which display homologous genes in the naming of FOXI3 in zebrafish, has predominantly focused on their roles in epidermal ionocyte function.

Impact of age on sleep duration and health outcomes: Evidence from four large cohort studies.

Background: Sleep duration (SD) is a critical determinant of health, with both short and long SD associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. However, distinct ages may exhibit unequal sleep needs. Few studies have addressed the modulation of age on SD associated all-cause mortality (AM).

A narrative review on the use of Green synthesized metallic nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. While traditional and synthetic medical therapies are in place for cancer treatment, their effectiveness is hindered by various limitations, such as toxic side effects, limited availability, and high costs. In recent years, a promising alternative approach has emerged in the form of green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), which offer targeted cancer therapy.

Main features and treatments of cervical cysts in children from a single-center experience.

Background: The cervical cysts is one of the most common children ailments an ENT surgeon encountered, which often begins with painless masses in the neck. The present study summarizes main clinical features of various types of children cervical cysts and discusses the possible approaches and associated complications, with an aim to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this pediatric disease.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients admitted with cervical cyst to Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to December 2023.

Metabolomics unveils the role of pipecolic acid in regulating monocytes/macrophages-endothelial cells crosstalk to modulate choroidal neovascularization.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a leading cause of vision loss in ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of CNV remain incompletely understood, with a predominant focus on endothelial dysfunction. CNV, however, is a multi-cellular, multi-stage process involving complex interactions between endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, and other immune cells.

The phenotype of monocyte subtypes and expression of chemokine receptors in the Chronic Venous Insufficiency.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate monocyte subtypes and the chemokine receptors, comparing individuals with and without Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

Method: The authors included patients undergoing surgery for varicose veins of the lower limbs (Classification of Venous Disorders - CEAP: C1‒C3).

Results: There were increased levels of classical and non-classical monocytes in the case group and a reduction in intermediate monocytes.

The Role of Immunotherapy in Salivary Gland Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Salivary gland cancer (SGC) comprises a very heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms, accounting for approximately 2% to 6% of head and neck malignancies. Surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy is the main treatment regimen. However, patients who are ineligible for surgery, including late-stage, recurrent, or metastatic disease, have very limited options.

Upper Airway Morphofunctional Changes During Oropharyngeal Exercises for Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Background: Orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) has emerged as an alternative and adjunct for the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in adults and children. While OMT efficacy has been demonstrated, the morphofunctional mechanisms triggered by each exercise remain poorly elucidated. This study aimed to characterise morphofunctional upper airway (UA) changes associated with established oropharyngeal exercises utilised to treat SDB by nasofibrolaryngoscopy (NFL).

Middle Ear Cholesteatoma Complicated By Lemierre's Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV), known as Lemierre's syndrome, is a rare complication secondary to infections in the head and neck. Cholesteatoma of the middle ear complicated with Lemierre's syndrome is rarely observed in clinical practice. Currently, the treatment controversy centers on whether anticoagulation therapy is necessary for IJV and distant metastatic emboli induced by Lemierre's syndrome.

Developing a Diagnostic Algorithm for Identifying Vestibular Neuronitis in Acute Dizziness: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Diagnostic Approaches.

Vestibular neuronitis (VN) is a prevalent peripheral vestibular disorder presenting with sudden unilateral vestibular loss, leading to acute vertigo without associated cochlear or neurological symptoms. Diagnosis remains challenging due to symptom overlap with other vestibular and central disorders. This study reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic approaches for VN to propose a streamlined, evidence-based diagnostic algorithm.

Endoscopic Removal of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Originating From the Posterior Ethmoid Cavity.

Sinonasal inverted papilloma is an expansive, benign mass derived from the Schneiderian membrane. It may undergo malignant transformation and most commonly originates from the maxillary sinuses or the lateral walls of the nasal corridors. This case outlines the case of a sinonasal inverted papilloma, which clearly arises from the posterior ethmoid sinus, bordering the skull base.

PDK2-enhanced glycolysis aggravates fibrosis via IL11 signaling pathway in Graves' orbitopathy.

Objectives: Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-interleukin 11 (IL11) is a newly found critical signaling pathway in fibrotic diseases such as Graves' orbitopathy (GO). It has now been confirmed that enhanced glycolysis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of GO. However, little is known about the relationship between glycolysis and IL11-mediated fibrosis in GO.

Decoding Protein Glycosylation by an Integrative Mass Spectrometry-Based Sequencing Strategy.

Glycoproteins, representing more than 50% of human proteins and most biopharmaceuticals, are crucial for regulating various biological processes. The complexity of multiple glycosylation sites often leads to incomplete sequence coverage and ambiguous glycan modification profiles. Here, we developed an integrative mass spectrometry-based approach for decoding unknown glycoproteins, which is featured with the combination of deglycosylation-mediated sequencing with glycosylation site characterization.

The Role of KI67 in Predicting Post-ESS (Endoscopic Sinus Surgery) Outcomes in CRSwNP (Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps).

Introduction Nasal and paranasal sinus inflammation, specifically chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), is a prevalent condition often addressed through endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Despite the commonality of this surgical intervention, recurrence rates post-ESS remain significant. This study explores the relationship between the expression of KI67, a protein indicating cell proliferation, and the likelihood of recurrence in CRSwNP patients who have undergone ESS.

Correlation of contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequencies with myopic shift in Chinese children.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) with myopic shift in Chinese children.

Methods: This prospective case-series study included 62 eyes (31 children) who visited the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University in January 2022 and were followed up for 6 months. Routine ophthalmic examinations and quantitative CSF (qCSF) tests without refractive correction were performed.

Modified 'cross-stealing' repair of nasal septal perforation using unilateral inverted mucosal flap.

Nasal septal perforations (SP) are common yet challenging conditions encountered in otorhinolaryngology. Endoscopic repair of nasal septal perforations using nasal pedicle mucosal flaps has become an important treatment method. However, there are no established guidelines for selecting the appropriate mucosal flaps for repair, and the choice largely depends on the surgeon's experience.

Monitoring Nystagmus in a Patient With Vertigo Using a Commercial Mini-Infrared Camera and 3D Printer: Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation and Case Report.

Background: Observing eye movements during episodic vertigo attacks is crucial for accurately diagnosing vestibular disorders. In clinical practice, many cases lack observable symptoms or clear findings during outpatient examinations, leading to diagnostic challenges. An accurate diagnosis is essential for timely treatment, as conditions such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, and vestibular migraine require different therapeutic approaches.