Binary Classification of Laryngeal Images Utilising ResNet-50 CNN Architecture.

In India, laryngeal cancer is a significant health concern, underlining the critical need for early detection methods. This study introduces a novel approach to classify laryngeal lesions into nine morphological categories; due to data scarcity for all the nine classes, the data is divided into cancer and non-cancer classes, including both non-cancerous and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), by analysing endoscopy images with advanced convolutional neural networks, deep learning, and image processing techniques. A dataset of 1978 endoscopy images from 960 patients at a tertiary care center in Lucknow, between May 2015 and December 2023, was utilised for this purpose.

Acid Assault: Unmasking the Toll of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease on Vocal Health - A Literature Review.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is characterized by the backflow of gastric contents into the laryngopharynx, distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Prevalence among otolaryngology patients ranges from 4 to 30% and being the major cause for hoarseness of voice. Common symptoms include hoarseness, chronic coughing, globus sensation, throat clearing and endoscopic evaluation reveals signs like posterior commissure hypertrophy and vocal fold edema.

Enhancing Patient Outcomes in ENT Surgery: The Impact of Tailored Preoperative Educational Interventions on Anxiety Reduction.

Unlabelled: Preoperative anxiety significantly affects postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction in surgical settings. Studies has highlighted the effectiveness of preoperative education in surgical setting; however, there is a gap in studies within ENT surgery. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of tailored educational interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety and improving recovery outcomes among patients undergoing ENT surgeries.

Bilateral Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma: A Rare Case Report Misdiagnosed as Benign Nasal Polyps.

This study aims to present a case of Sinonasal glomangiopericytoma (SNGPC) in a 43-year-old woman, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and highlighting the importance of considering rare tumors in the differential diagnosis of nasal polyps. We describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and treatment outcomes of a patient presenting with chronic bilateral nasal obstruction, anosmia, and intermittent epistaxis. Initial diagnosis of benign nasal polyps was made based on endoscopic findings, followed by histopathological analysis confirming bilateral SNGPC.

Sinonasal and Laryngeal Presentations of Pituitary Adenoma.

Pituitary adenomas, the second most common intracranial pathology, often exhibit symptoms beyond the classic triad of headache, visual disturbances, and hormonal imbalances. Unusual presentations involve sinonasal pathology, cranial nerve involvement, and mass effects on adjacent structures like the skull base. Secretory adenomas may manifest hormonal changes and their effects.

Successful Primary Oral Isavuconazole Therapy in Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis with Triple Fungal Species and Multiple Comorbidities.

Reporting the first successful treatment with oral Isavuconazole as primary antifungal agent following debridement, in an immunocompromised adult male with acute invasive fungal sinusitis involving multiple simultaneous fungal species. His comorbidities were retroviral and COVID infections, uncontrolled diabetes, ketoacidosis, and renal failure. A two-year follow-up revealed no recurrence.

Management of a Huge Arteriovenous Malformation of the Tongue with the Submandibular Gland Flap: A Case Report.

AVMs commonly manifest in childhood or adolescence, and can occur at any area of the body. The management could be conservative or surgical. Surgical excision of a tongue AVM requires adequate reconstruction and Submandibular gland proves to be an excellent modality for the same.

Advancements in proteogenomics for preclinical targeted cancer therapy research.

Advancements in molecular characterization technologies have accelerated targeted cancer therapy research at unprecedented resolution and dimensionality. Integrating comprehensive multi-omic molecular profiling of a tumor, proteogenomics, marks a transformative milestone for preclinical cancer research. In this paper, we initially provided an overview of proteogenomics in cancer research, spanning genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics.

Acute severe hypocalcaemia after initiation of a selective RET-inhibitor in medullary thyroid cancer.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare subtype of thyroid cancer originating from parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used to treat patients with advanced MTC. Selpercatinib is a highly selective RET inhibitor used in the treatment of advanced RET-mutated MTC, having shown higher potency and fewer side effects compared to multikinase inhibitors in clinical trials.

Clinical Exome Sequencing Identifies, Two Homozygous LOXHD1 Variants in Two Inbred Families With Pre-Lingual Hearing Loss From South India.

In recent years, numerous genetic variants have been linked with prelingual hearing loss (HL). Variants in the LOXHD1 gene (lipoxygenase homology domain-1) associated with DFNB77 are highly heterogeneous, with different auditory characteristics varying from stable to progressive and mild to profound. To date, 168 DFNB77 cases have been recorded worldwide.

Nanobody-enhanced chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: overcoming barriers in solid tumors with VHH and VNAR-based constructs.

CAR-T cells are genetically modified T lymphocytes that express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) on their surfaces. These receptors enable T lymphocytes to recognize specific antigens on target cells, triggering a response that leads to targeted cytotoxicity. While CAR-T therapy has effectively treated various blood cancers, it faces significant challenges in addressing solid tumors.

Antibody-DNA nanostructure conjugate enables targeted delivery of gemcitabine to tumor and improves the anti-tumor efficacy.

Antibody drug conjugate has emerged as one of the most successful drug delivery systems in recent years. Leveraging the inherent self-assembly and efficient intracellular internalization capabilities of DNA nanostructures, this study aimed to develop antibody-DNA nanostructure conjugates based on gemcitabine, which drug antibody ratio can reach 17.8.

Effect of non-surgical treatment in diabetes-associated periodontitis on immune/inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: A pilot study.

Aims: To investigate the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the levels of cytokines, sIgA, antimicrobial peptides, oxidative and antioxidative agents in comparison between patients with and without diabetes.

Methods: A case-control study that included patients (n = 45) with periodontitis who have or do not have diabetes. Cytokine concentrations in crevicular gingival fluid (GCF) and saliva were determined using LUMINEX and ELISA assays, respectively.

Short-Term Observation of Refractive Predictability and Corneal Thickness Change After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Lenticule Intrastromal Keratoplasty and Small-Incision Lenticule Intrastromal Keratoplasty for Correcting Moderate to High Hyperopia.

Purpose: To investigate the refractive predictability and corneal thickness change after femtosecond laser-assisted lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (FS-LIKE) or small-incision lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (SMI-LIKE).

Methods: Pentacam topography and optical coherence tomography measurements were taken of all eyes at 1 day and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Anterior lamellar thickness, lenticule thickness, and posterior lamellar thickness were measured.

Video Head Impulse Test in Survivors From Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: New Perspectives for Implementation of Assessment in Rehabilitation.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate vestibular function by instrumental assessment of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) in survivors from severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and analyze related clinical characteristics and functional balance scales.

Setting: This study was conducted on inpatients accepted at Santa Lucia Foundation-Neurorehabilitation Hospital for Research and Healthcare (Rome, Italy), from January to September 2023.

Participants: Twenty-one survivors from sTBI with a median age of 48 years (IQR = 27) were included in this study, recruited through the neurorehabilitation services.

Harnessing hyperaccumulator plants to recover technology-critical metals: where are we at?

Since its inception over three decades ago, phytomining has finally reached the stage of commercial-scale implementation, at least for nickel. Much potential remains to be realised for other elements, notably cobalt, selenium, and thallium, but this requires scientific impetus leveraging recent advances in insights garnered from molecular mechanisms of hyperaccumulation, domestication and agronomic development. These advances will also enable us to (genetically) improve hyperaccumulators for use in phytomining by targeted breeding, as well as synthetic biology approaches.

Pterygopalatine Fossa- A Keystone Area in Disease Progression and Management in Rhino-Oculo-Cerebral Mucormycosis.

To analyze the involvement of disease in pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), its relation to regional extension of disease and the treatment outcome in rhino-oculo-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). A prospective study was done including 50 patients diagnosed with ROCM. All patients were examined and evaluated with high resolution CT and MRI imaging.

Applicability of Paediatric Kerrison's Punch in Endoscopic Transcanal Mastoidectomy-Harnessing a Fresh Perspective.

The science of endoscopic ear surgery is gaining popularity and increasing momentum with reported outcomes comparable to conventional microscopic ear surgery. Endoscopic ear surgery has numerous advantages including access to visualization of occult areas of middle ear like sinus tympani. The endoscopic transcanal mastoidectomy via conventional drilling technique(Inside-out) has also established itself as a successful procedure with excellent post-operative outcomes.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio: A Shunned Entity as a Novelty in Diagnosing Peripheral Vestibular Disorders.

Unlabelled: Vestibular vertigo is a condition characterized by dizziness or imbalance, often resulting from changes in head position. With an incidence of 1.4% in adults, vertigo is a common symptom in the general population (Oxford Textbook of Vertigo and Imbalance, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013).

Sub-Lingual Implantation Keratinized Epidermoid Cyst Masquerading as Plunging Ranula: Report of a Rare Case with Literature Review.

Sublingual epidermoid cysts are rare benign lesions derived from ectodermal tissue, typically located beneath the tongue or the floor of the mouth. While often asymptomatic, these cysts can grow and cause discomfort or complications, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment crucial. We present the case of a 6-year-old Indian girl diagnosed with an implantation keratinized sublingual epidermoid cyst, initially misidentified as a plunging ranula.

Endoscopic Transeptal Choanoplasty with Resection of Rostrum of Sphenoid.

Unilateral Choanal atresia is rare. Bilateral choanal atresia though common, is incompatible with life. 24-year female came with persistent complaints despite undergoing left-sided choanal atresia repair in childhood.

Brain Metastasis from Oral Cancer Presenting with Seizures and Cranial Nerve Palsy in Immediate Post Operative Period- A Rare Occurrence.

Metastasis is the hallmark of malignancy but the spread to brain is an exceedingly rare occurrence for oral cancer. Two of our patients who underwent definitive surgery for oral cancer developed manifestations of Central nervous system (CNS) involvement within 7 days of surgery, one with seizures and other with cranial nerve palsies (3rd and 7th ), who were otherwise symptom free for CNS involvement preoperatively. These cases highlight the need for thorough metastasis workup including CNS.

Papillary Carcinoma in Thyroglossal Cyst: A Case Report with Comprehensive Review of Treatment Modalities.

Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common form of congenital neck cysts. The incidence of thyroid papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst is less than 1%. In most cases, the diagnosis is made postoperatively.

Continuous Positive and Negative Pressure Dressing - A Novel Approach in the Treatment of Auricular Seroma.

Introduction: Auricular seroma is a benign ear condition characterized by the accumulation of sterile serous fluid between the perichondrium and auricular cartilage. It presents as a painless, solitary or diffuse, and fluctuant swelling, diagnosis hinges on these distinctive features. Treating this condition is challenging due to its high recurrence rate.