MicroRNA Significance in Cancer: An Updated Review on Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspectives.

The article provides a thorough and up-to-date analysis of the role that microRNAs (miRNAs) within the realm of cancer therapy, paying specific attention to their diagnostic, prognostic as well as therapeutic capabilities. The miRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) are the current major genes that regulate gene expression. They are a key factor in the genesis of cancer.

Actinomycosis masquerading as a nasal polyp - a rare entity and diagnostic challenge.

Actinomycosis is an endogenous bacterial infection caused by . This bacterium reside on the mucosa of oral cavity, tonsils, and genitourinary tract. Any insult such as trauma, surgery, or foreign body disrupts the mucosal barrier and gives entry to the underlying tissue to cause disease.

Open Partial Horizontal Laryngectomy in the Elderly: Oncological and Functional Outcomes.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the oncological and functional prognostic implication of perioperative risk factors in the elderly patient who underwent open partial horizontal laryngectomy (OPHL).

Study Design: A single institution, retrospective case-cohort study.

Methods: The present study retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of a cohort of 100 elderly laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients who underwent OPHL at our institution.

Use of virtual reality to remotely train healthcare professionals in paediatric emergency tracheostomy skills: protocol for a multi-centre, non-inferiority educational interventional study with historical controls.

Background: The insertion of a tracheostomy is an established technique used to wean patients off ventilatory support, manage secretions in complex conditions, and as a potentially life-saving procedure to bypass upper airway obstruction. Life-threatening complications during aftercare are not uncommon and may be influenced by a lack of education of carers or healthcare providers of children and young people living with a tracheostomy. Education programmes designed and supported by the National Tracheostomy Safety Project are effective, but resources are not available to educate the workforce at scale.

Impact of central corneal astigmatism on postoperative visual outcomes in patients undergoing trifocal intraocular lens implantation.

Background: To investigate the impact of central corneal astigmatism on postoperative visual outcomes in patients with trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: This retrospective study included 278 eyes of 278 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery with implantation of the trifocal IOL (AT LISA tri 839MP). Patients were divided into two groups according to the total corneal refractive power (TCRP) in 3 mm zone centered on the corneal apex: low astigmatism group, TCRP ≤ 0.

Changes in swallowing response on patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Purpose: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) often causes dysphagia. The risk of dysphagia increases during CRT tends to become more severe after finishing CRT, and persists for a few weeks thereafter. Thus, understanding the changes in swallowing physiology during and immediately after CRT is essential.

Deep learning-based assessment of missense variants in the gene presented with bilateral congenital cataract.

Objective: We compared the protein structure and pathogenicity of clinically relevant variants of the gene with AlphaFold2 (AF2), Alpha Missense (AM), and ThermoMPNN for the first time.

Methods And Analysis: The sequences of clinically relevant Cog4 missense variants (one novel identified p.Y714F and three pre-existing p.

Computed tomography-based absolute delta radiomics nomogram for predicting perineural invasion in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics nomogram in predicting perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC).

Materials And Methods: Overall, 146 patients were retrospectively recruited and divided into training and test cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics features were extracted and delta and absolute delta radiomics features were calculated.

Reversing Cochlear Nucleus Maladaptive Plasticity via Customized Extracochlear Stimulation: A New Approach for Tinnitus Treatment.

Tinnitus, a widespread condition affecting numerous individuals worldwide, remains a significant challenge due to limited effective therapeutic interventions. Intriguingly, patients using cochlear implants (CIs) have reported significant relief from tinnitus symptoms, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and intracochlear implantation risks cochlear damage and hearing loss. This study demonstrates that targeted intracochlear electrical stimulation (ES) in guinea pigs with noise-induced hearing loss reversed tinnitus-related maladaptive plasticity in the cochlear nucleus (CN), characterized by reduced auditory innervation, increased somatosensory innervation, and diminished inhibitory neural networks.

Coblator Assisted-Barbed Relocation Pharyngoplasty (Co-BRP) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgical Treatment.

Barbed reposition pharyngoplasty (BRP) is a new technique to manage velo-pharyngeal obstruction and collapse in OSA patients. Tonsillectomy is a preliminary step of BRP surgery. Dissection of the PPM with monopolar or hot instruments is an essential step of the BRP technique.

Half a Century's Quest for Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU): From Academic Curiosity to Public Health Concern.

For the past 50 years, significant progress has been made in understanding Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU), a mysterious blinding disease first reported in Nepal in 1975. Predominantly affecting Nepalese children, SHAPU occurs cyclically every odd year from September to December. While initially misclassified as endophthalmitis, SHAPU is set apart by its lack of trauma or surgery, failure to grow organisms in most intraocular fluid cultures, and its hallmark presentation of a "white pupil in red eye" with an association with moth exposure.

Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Laser and Surgical Excision for the Treatment of Eyelid Margin Benign Tumors: A Prospective, Randomized, and Single-blind Study.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy between carbon dioxide (CO2) laser excision and surgical excision for the treatment of eyelid margin benign tumors.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized, and single-blind study, 32 patients diagnosed with eyelid margin benign tumors were enrolled from February 2019 to February 2020 and randomly divided into 2 groups. The sexes, ages, tumor size (length×width), scar, procedure time, physicians' assessment score, patients' satisfaction score, and complications were recorded.

Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Biologics: A Call for Better Data Standardisation and Presentation in Clinical Studies.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is often severe, debilitating and difficult to treat. Recent randomised control trials (RCTs) of biologics that target key inflammatory pathways have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating CRSwNP. Such RCTs must facilitate meta-analysis.

Evaluating the impact of a hand-crafted 3D-Printed head Model and virtual reality in skull base surgery training.

Introduction: While cadaveric dissections remain the cornerstone of education in skull base surgery, they are associated with high costs, difficulty acquiring specimens, and a lack of pathology in anatomical samples. This study evaluated the impact of a hand-crafted three-dimensional (3D)-printed head model and virtual reality (VR) in enhancing skull base surgery training.

Research Question: How effective are 3D-printed models and VR in enhancing training in skull base surgery?

Materials And Methods: A two-day skull base training course was conducted with 12 neurosurgical trainees and 11 faculty members.

Cognitive Disorders In Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss, At The Ent Department Of The "Village Bondeko" Center, In Kinshasa.

Context: Several data from the literature have focused on the relationship between congenital sensorineural hearing loss, as well as acquired hearing loss, and their impact on cognition and the risk of dementia. However, few studies have been conducted on this subject in countries where access to hearing rehabilitation measures is limited. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sensorineural hearing loss and cognitive disorders in a correlational approach.

Impact of Severity of Sickle Cell Anemia on Auditory Discrimination Ability and Speech Perception in Noise.

 Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder with clinical manifestations due to circulatory changes, leading to adverse effects on the auditory system that might impact auditory processing, such as auditory discrimination and speech perception ability. This condition is associated with the severity level of anemia.  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of anemia severity on auditory discrimination ability and speech perception in noise among SCA patients with normal hearing sensitivity.

Clinical Characteristics of Ear Chondroid Syringoma: A Report of 2 Cases and a Literature Review.

Chondroid syringoma, a mixed tumor of the skin, is an acquired hamartoma that differentiates into hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat glands. Chondroid syringoma in the ear region is exceptionally rare. However, we present 2 cases of ear chondroid syringoma: 1 involving multiple lesions in the external auditory canal and the other including a single lesion behind the auricle.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary-Who Can Be Offered Surgery as the Sole Treatment Modality? A Systematic Review.

Objective: Evaluate the role of surgery as the sole treatment modality for patients with cervical head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCCUP).

Design: Systematic review of observational cohort studies with qualitative synthesis.

Setting: PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled register of Trials (CENTRAL) were screened from January 2000 up to October 2021.

Assessment of Speech Processing and Listening Effort Associated With Speech-on-Speech Masking Using the Visual World Paradigm and Pupillometry.

Speech-on-speech masking is a common and challenging situation in everyday verbal communication. The ability to segregate competing auditory streams is a necessary requirement for focusing attention on the target speech. The Visual World Paradigm (VWP) provides insight into speech processing by capturing gaze fixations on visually presented icons that reflect the speech signal.

Prevalence of depressive symptom and its associated factors among epilepsy patients in Amhara region, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study.

Background: Depressive symptom is the most common type of psychiatric co-morbidity among persons with epilepsy. Epilepsy patients are identified as at higher risk of suffering depressive symptom explicitly in low- and middle-income countries due to poor mental health care systems and financial burdens. The co-occurrence of depressive symptom among epilepsy patients deteriorates the prognosis of the disease and diminishes the quality of life of both the patients and their families.

Chinese Expert Consensus for Assessment of Vocal Function (2024): Guidelines of the Subspecialty Group of Voice, Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese Medical Association; Subspecialty Group of Laryngopharyngology, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.

The assessment of vocal function plays an important role in the diagnosis of voice disorders. With the continuous development of voice medicine in China, the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of voice disorders are gradually professionalized and standardized. Experts of the Subspecialty Group of Voice, Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese Medical Association; Subspecialty Group of Laryngopharyngology, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery reached the expert consensus through clinical research, literature search, and quality evaluation, as well as two meetings and two rounds of questionnaire voting.

CMPK2 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation via mtDNA-STING pathway in house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis.

Background: House dust mite (HDM) is the leading allergen for allergic rhinitis (AR). Although allergic sensitisation by inhaled allergens renders susceptible individuals prone to developing AR, the molecular mechanisms driving this process remain incompletely elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HDM-induced AR.

Piezo1-Induced Nasal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Allergic Rhinitis.

This study aimed to investigate the role of Piezo1 in nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic rhinitis (AR) using both in vitro and in vivo experimental methods. A total of 79 human nasal mucosal samples were collected, including 43 from AR patients and 36 from healthy controls. Additionally, 12 BALB/c mice were used for the in vivo experiments.