Baseline Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Severe Mental Illness (SMI) and Second Generation Antipsychotic Use From the Fixed Dose Intervention Trial of New England Enhancing Survival in SMI (FITNESS).

Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) have a shorter life expectancy compared to the general population, largely due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this report from the Fixed Dose Intervention Trial of New England Enhancing Survival in SMI Patients (FITNESS), we examined baseline CVD risk factors and their treatment in patients with SMI and second generation antipsychotic (SGA) use. FITNESS enrolled 204 participants with SMI and SGA use, but without documented history of CVD or diabetes mellitus, from several clinics in the Boston, Massachusetts, area between April 29, 2015, and September 26, 2019.

Soybean oil and probiotics improve meat quality, conjugated linoleic acid concentration, and nutritional quality indicators of goats.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary soybean oil and probiotics on goat meat quality, total conjugated linoleic acids (TCLA) concentration, and nutritional quality indicators of goats. Thirty-six male crossbred goats (Anglo-Nubian♂× Thai native♀), weighing 18.3 ± 2.

Lockdown influence on diet and physical activity of seniors; has it weight consequences?

Objectives: Many studies draw attention to the negative consequences of the pandemic or lockdown on the well-being and lifestyle of different sections of the population. This study considers whether changes occurred in dietary regime and level of physical activity during three periods - before the pandemic, during the lockdown, and during the present in older Slovak adults. We also investigate whether individual weights changed during the pandemic.

The role of α-tocopherol in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Scientific reports from various areas of the world indicate the potential role of tocopherols (vitamin E) in particular α-tocopherol in the prevention and therapy of Alzheimer's disease. The current phenomenon is related to the growing global awareness of eating habits and is also determined by the need to develop the prevention, management and therapy of Alzheimer's disease. This article is a review of current research on the action of the active form of vitamin E-α-tocopherol and its impact on the development and course of Alzheimer's disease.

The effects of estrogen depletion in female rats: differential influences on somato-motor and sensory cortices.

Aging women experience a significant decline of ovarian hormones, particularly estrogen, following menopause, and become susceptible to cognitive and psychomotor deficits. Although the effects of estrogen depletion had been documented in the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices, its impact on somatomotor cortex, a region crucial for motor and cognitive functions, remains unclear. To explore this, we ovariectomized young adult female rats and fed subsequently with phytoestrogen-free diet and studied the effects of estrogen depletion on the somato-sensory and motor cortices.

Smartphone Applications-Based Intervention to Reduce Body Mass Index and Improve Health-Related Behavior Among Children with Overweight/Obesity: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To assess changes in body mass index (BMI), diet and physical activity (PA) of 8-15-y-old children with overweight/ obesity, following a smartphone applications-based intervention; and to understand facilitators and barriers for BMI reduction.

Methods: Children were enrolled through online sessions on childhood obesity for students, parents and teachers at five private schools in Delhi, and requesting parents who perceived their children as having obesity to contact the study team. Eligibility was confirmed through home visit by a technician.

Intermittent Fasting Improves Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats Through SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a common complication affecting the central nervous system, commonly induced by anesthesia and surgical procedures. PND has garnered considerable attention in recent years, not only due to its high morbidity but also its negative impact on patient prognosis, such as increased rates of dementia and mortality. Sevoflurane, a common volatile anesthetic in clinical practice, is increasingly linked to being a potential risk factor for PND with prolonged inhalation, yet effective prevention and treatment methods remain elusive.

Health-related quality of life, lifestyle habits and chronic pain in individuals with knee pain - a 2-year follow-up study.

Introduction: Knee pain increases the risk of developing chronic widespread pain (CWP) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The prevalence of CWP and KOA has increased, and there is a need for early prevention. Therefore, the aim was to examine the associations of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and lifestyle habits with chronic pain at a two-year follow-up in individuals with knee pain.

Associations of Tea Consumption With the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study in China.

Aims: To investigate the associations of tea consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Chinese patients.

Materials And Methods: The present study included 15 718 participants from the Comprehensive Research on the Prevention and Control of Diabetes between 2013 and 2014 in Jiangsu, China. Information on tea consumption (including frequency, amount, and duration) was collected at baseline using interviewer-administered questionnaires.

Boosting Dietary Compliance After Bariatric Surgery: Winning Tactics for Patients.

Background: Bariatric metabolic surgery has emerged as a pivotal intervention for managing obesity, with strict adherence to postoperative nutritional guidelines being paramount for patient outcomes. This study seeks to evaluate dietary compliance levels and the factors that influence them among patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, offering insights to enhance clinical strategies.

Method: Our research encompassed patients who underwent bariatric metabolic surgery at our institution from February 2022 to December 2023.

Can Sleep Predict Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia? Results From the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet Study.

Objective: Sleep disturbance is considered a risk factor for cognitive decline in elderly individuals. Our aim in the current study was to investigate whether baseline sleep parameters can predict the conversion from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment or dementia at follow-up. The Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet is a longitudinal population-based study designed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline and dementia in the older Greek population.

Lettuce fortification through vitamin B-producing bacteria - proof of concept study.

Background: Vitamin B (cobalamin) can be produced de novo only by certain bacteria and archaea. It plays a crucial role in the health of animals and humans, which obtain it only through diet, mainly from animal products. This study aimed to identify endophytic bacterial strains capable of synthesizing vitamin B and enriching edible plants with it as a potential solution for vitamin B deficiency in vegetarians, vegans, and people with poor diets.

Addressing cardiovascular health risk factors in American Indian/Alaska Native Children: A narrative review.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults and represents the leading cause of mortality. Risk factors for CVD in AI/AN adults are well-described, and a growing body of evidence reports the inequitable prevalence of factors associated with the development of CVD in AI/AN children, including obesity, physical inactivity, and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objective: This article organizes and summarizes the evidence describing CVD risk factors in AI/AN children, discusses the social drivers of health impacting these risks, and highlights several programs that have demonstrated effectiveness in improving AI/AN child health.

Identification of serum biomarkers and therapeutic targets for aortic diseases in obesity through multi-omics analysis.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of aortic diseases and operative risks. Currently, there are no effective drugs available to prevent the occurrence and progression of aortic aneurysms or dissections. We investigated potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets using a multi-omics approach.

A novel minimally invasive surgical technique (LONG procedure) for treating chylopericardium.

Background: Chylopericardium is a rare disease resulting from lymphatic system dysfunction and characterized by recurrent chylous pericardial effusion and cardiac compression. Traditional treatments like fasting, somatostatin injection and ligation of pericardial lymphatic vessels are less effective, with high recurrence rate. Fenestration is regarded as the last resort for treating chylopericardium.

A Rare Case of Prurigo Pigmentosa in Iranian Sibling Couple.

Prurigo Pigmentosa is a rare inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin, characterized by pruritic, erythematous papules on the chest, back, neck, and anterior abdomen. The eruption resolves with reticular hyperpigmentation that cosmetically affects the patient's quality of life. Previous reports highlighted the role of the Ketogenic diet in triggering the disease in young female patients, however, no study reported the occurrence of Prurigo Pigmentosa in siblings of one family, unrelated to a ketogenic diet.

Bacterial community profiling and identification of bacteria with lignin-degrading potential in different gut segments of African palm weevil larvae ().

The microbiota within the guts of insects plays beneficial roles for their hosts, such as facilitating digestion and extracting energy from their diet. The African palm weevil (APW) lives within and feeds on the high lignin-containing trunk of palm trees; therefore, their guts could harbour a large community of lignin-degrading microbes. In this study, we aimed to explore the bacterial community within the gut of the APW larvae, specifically with respect to the potential for lignin degradation in various gut segments as a first step to determining the viability of mining bacterial lignin-degrading enzymes for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and biomaterials.

Prevalence of food allergy and its association with atopic dermatitis in Iran: Results from the PERSIAN birth cohort.

Background: The incidence of food allergy (FA) has been increasing worldwide, causing growing concern on a global scale.

Objective: This birth cohort study analyzes the incidence of reported FA and other atopic comorbidities in children from birth to age 2 years who were living in 4 urban and semiurban areas in Iran.

Methods: Children were followed from birth until age 24 months, with follow-up questionnaires administered through parent or guardian interviews conducted when the children were aged 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 months.

Ellagic Acid Modulates Necroptosis, Autophagy, Inflammations, and Stress to Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Liver Fatty Disease in a Rat Model.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide. Although the pathoetiology of NAFLD is not fully elucidated, recent evidence suggests the involvement of stress, inflammation, and programmed death in the onset and progression of the disease. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of ellagic acid (EA), a known herbal antioxidant, on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced animal model of NAFLD by evaluating the status of lipid profile, necroptosis (RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL), autophagy (LC3, ATG5, and BECN1), inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10), and stress (SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, and MDA).

Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Juanbilijieqing fang in ameliorating gouty arthritis in a murine model.

This study aims to assess the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of Juanbilijieqing Fang in a mouse model of gouty arthritis. C57BL/6 mice were allocated into six groups: control, gouty arthritis model, and treatment groups receiving varying doses of Juanbilijieqing Fang (low, medium, high), along with a positive control group treated with febuxostat. Gouty arthritis was induced via MSU crystal injection following a high-fat diet.

Long-term high fat diet aggravates the risk of lung fibrosis and lung cancer: transcriptomic analysis in the lung tissues of obese mice.

Background: Previous studies reported significant relationships between obesity and pulmonary dysfunction. Here, we investigated genetic alterations in the lung tissues of high fat diet (HFD) induced obese mouse through transcriptomic and molecular analyses.

Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for 12 weeks.

Prolonged nightly fasting in older adults with memory decline: A single-group pilot study exploring changes in cognitive function and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Introduction: Older age significantly increases risk for cognitive decline. A growing number of older adults (≥ 65 years) experience cognitive decline that compromises immediate and/or long-term health. Interventions to mitigate cognitive decline are greatly needed.

Does p-lactate increase in patients with GSD1 after ingesting a meal with common-size sources of fructose and galactose? Observations from a prospective, non-blinded, crossover pilot study.

Ingestion of fructose and galactose may result in elevated lactate concentrations in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD1). In this randomized cross-over pilot study, 7 patients with GSD 1a (6) and GSD1b (1) orally consumed a common-size fructose and galactose from either 200 mL of skimmed milk, 200 mL juice or 200 mL water. This was given after a night with their usual dietary treatment using either cornstarch, glycosade or continuous feed.

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and Epstein-Barr virus infection in children aged 6-19 years in the United States: from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2007-2010.

Objective: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a globally prevalent herpes virus associated with multiple diseases. Oxidative stress is closely related to EBV infection, latency, reactivation, and transformation. Antioxidant diet protects against EBV infection.

Association of composite dietary antioxidant index with circadian syndrome: evidence from NHANES.

Background: The Circadian Syndrome (CircS) has been linked to various chronic diseases. However, the relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and CircS has remained unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between CDAI and CircS.