Development of the Delusional Interpretation Scale and examination of related variables.

Aim: Delusions are a common symptom in schizophrenia. Some scales have been developed to measure delusional tendencies in healthy people, and nonpathological delusional thinking can occur even among these individuals. The existing scales measure the presence and frequency of delusional thoughts, distress levels, and confidence levels.

Impact of "intensive parenting attitude" on children's social competence via maternal parenting behavior.

"Intensive parenting" is a tendency to invest parents' time, money, and energy in their child. This also includes some gender bias concerning a mother being the best person to primarily raise her children. Some psychology scholars have pointed out that this attitude causes much stress, anxiety, depression, and a sense of guilt among mothers.

Longitudinal reduction in brain volume in patients with schizophrenia and its association with cognitive function.

Establishing a brain biomarker for schizophrenia is strongly desirable not only to support diagnosis by psychiatrists but also to help track the progressive changes in the brain over the course of the illness. A brain morphological signature of schizophrenia was reported in a recent study and is defined by clusters of brain regions with reduced volume in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy individuals. This signature was proven to be effective at differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals, suggesting that it is a good candidate brain biomarker of schizophrenia.

Better adherence to guidelines among psychiatrists providing pharmacological therapy is associated with longer work hours in patients with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that is associated with various social dysfunctions, including shorter work hours. To measure the degree to which psychiatrists adhere to guidelines for pharmacological therapy of schizophrenia, we recently developed the individual fitness score (IFS) for adherence among psychiatrists in each patient. However, it remains unclear whether better adherence among psychiatrists is associated with higher patients' social functional outcomes, such as work hours.

Cerebral cortical structural alteration patterns across four major psychiatric disorders in 5549 individuals.

According to the operational diagnostic criteria, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are classified based on symptoms. While its cluster of symptoms defines each of these psychiatric disorders, there is also an overlap in symptoms between the disorders. We hypothesized that there are also similarities and differences in cortical structural neuroimaging features among these psychiatric disorders.

Longitudinal characteristics of insight and clinical factors in patients with schizophrenia.

Aims: Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder presenting a lack of insight. Although insight changes over time, longitudinal studies of insight in schizophrenia are scarce. Furthermore, most previous studies on insight and intelligence have not measured full-scale IQ and have not been able to examine the relationship between detailed dimensions of cognitive function and insight.

The structure and correlates of the 20-item Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale in a population-based sample of Hungarian expectant women.

Objective: This study aimed at analysing the structure and reliability of the modified, 20-item Hungarian version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS-HU-20), and to investigate its associations with certain demographic, pregnancy-related and psychosocial characteristics.

Design: A socio-demographically diverse sample of Hungarian women completed interviews in middle or late pregnancy, as part of the countrywide Cohort '18 Growing Up in Hungary study.

Setting: Data collection was carried out by local health visitors either at the family home or at the health visitor's office.

Relationship between autistic traits and social functioning in healthy individuals.

Aim: Social functioning is influenced by various factors. Autistic traits could be one of the factors that affect social functioning.

Methods: In the present study, the relationship between autistic traits and social functioning among 755 healthy individuals was analyzed.

Gender Differences in Mother-Child Conversations About Shame and Pride in a Hungarian Sample.

Although meta-analytic reviews repeatedly found significant gender differences in the experiences of shame and pride throughout the life span, to date, gender differences in conversations about these emotions have not been studied. Our research was aimed at investigating the effect of child gender on maternal conversational style in and emotional content of mother-child conversations about shame- and pride-related past events in preschool years. Fifty four mother-preschool child dyads (52% girls, children's age M = 70.

Social isolation and psychosis: an investigation of social interactions and paranoia in daily life.

Social isolation has been suggested to foster paranoia. Here we investigate whether social company (i.e.

The neural mechanisms of social reward in early psychosis.

In chronic psychosis, reduced trust is associated with a neural insensitivity to social reward and reduced theory of mind (ToM). Here we investigate whether these mechanisms could underlie emerging social impairments in early psychosis. Twenty-two participants with early psychosis and 25 controls (male, 13-19 years) participated in two interactive trust games against a cooperative and unfair partner.

Postpartum depressive symptoms and their association with social support among foreign mothers in Japan at 3 to 4 months postpartum.

Backgrounds: With Japan's globalization, maternal-child health care for foreign mothers is highly necessary. We examined postpartum depressive symptoms in foreign mothers in Japan and the factors associated with such symptoms, particularly social support.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted for Japanese and foreign mothers at 3 to 4 months postpartum.

The Use of d2 and Benton Tests for Assessment of Attention Deficits and Visual Memory in Teenagers with Phenylketonuria.

Hyperphenylalaninemia-related, subtle deficits of attention and of working memory are often reported in adolescents with phenylketonuria. Focused neuropsychological tests can be used to detect such deficits and to confirm the presence of poor metabolic control in the periods between routine blood phenylalanine tests, which are rarely performed in many patients from this age group due to their low treatment adherence.We assessed the practical value of the d2 test of attention and of the Benton visual retention test for identification of teenagers, who have a high risk of brain dysfunction due to hyperphenylalaninemia.

The role of sex and autonomy-connectedness in internalizing and externalizing personality pathology, coping and axis-I pathology: among psychiatric and healthy elderly.

Objectives: In the current study we investigated the relationship of sex and autonomy-connectedness with internalizing and externalizing personality disorder symptoms (PDS), coping and axis-I pathology in older age.

Method: A path model was tested which was based on neo-analytical object relation, attachment- and primary-personality theory, among 100 clinical and 106 non-clinical elderly.

Results: In line with our model, autonomy-connectedness (self-awareness and capacity of managing new situations) was strongly associated to internalizing PDS in both groups.

Psychosocial Responses to being Identified as a Balanced Chromosomal Translocation Carrier: a Qualitative Investigation of Parents in Japan.

Undergoing chromosome analysis and receiving the results may have various psychosocial effects. To identify the impact on balanced translocation carriers identified through affected offspring, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eleven parents at Saitama Children's Medical Center. The results of the interviews were analyzed qualitatively by the KJ (Kawakita Jiro) method.

Validation of the Dutch Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (RPQ): differential Correlates of Reactive and Proactive Aggression from childhood to adulthood.

This study reports reliability and validity of the Dutch Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ). In total, 845 participants completed the RPQ along with other measures of aggression. Groups consisted of non-offender participants, criminal offenders, youngsters (age 6-18), and adults (age above 18).

The relationship between psychopathy and crime-related amnesia.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether levels of psychopathy predicted claims of crime-related amnesia. Different characteristics of psychopathy were based on the factor structure of the self-report questionnaire Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI). Crime-related amnesia claims were scored from inmates (N=31) criminal file records.

Eating style, television viewing and snacking in pre-adolescent children.

Introduction: Television viewing is considered to be a risk factor for overweight in children because of its association with reduced physical activity and increased calorie intake.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine whether eating styles affect the relationship between television viewing (TV-viewing) and snacking.

Method: In a sample of 962 pre-adolescents, self-reported television viewing and snacking were assessed in relation to dietary restraint, external eating and emotional eating, as measured with the child version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire.

Personality traits, interpersonal identity, and relationship stability: longitudinal linkages in late adolescence and young adulthood.

Adolescence and young adulthood are characterized by important changes in personality, changes toward a more stable identity, and the establishment of intimate relationships. We examined the role of personality traits in establishing intimate relationships, the interplay between personality traits and interpersonal identity processes during these relationships, and the role of interpersonal identity processes and personality traits in the dissolution thereof. For this purpose, we used longitudinal data on 424 female college students (mean age at T1 = 18.

The relationship among attributions, emotions, and interpersonal styles of staff working with clients with intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior.

Several studies have tested Weiner's model, which suggests a relationship among causal attributions regarding challenging behavior (CB), emotions, and helping behavior of staff. No studies have focused on interpersonal styles. The goals of this study were to investigate the influence of type of CB on attributions, emotions and interpersonal style of staff, the relationships among staff attributions, emotions, and interpersonal style, and the mediating function of emotions in the relation between attributions and interpersonal style.

Verbal and nonverbal emotional behaviour of staff: a first attempt in the development of an observation instrument.

It is common to use questionnaires and interviews to assess the emotions of staff who serve clients with intellectual disabilities. Remarkably, observations of actual staff behaviour and assessments of nonverbal expressions are usually not involved. In the present study, we have made a first start in the development of an observation instrument that registers both verbal and nonverbal expressions of emotion.