Associations between Dentition Status and Nutritional Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background/objective: Older adults are at higher risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to explore associations between nutritional status and dentition status among older adults seeking care in a dental clinic.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of data from older adults (65-89 y) who received care at a northeastern US urban dental school clinic between June 2015 and June 2020 ( = 305).

Risk factors and assessment considerations for essential fatty acid deficiency in nonparenterally fed patients using a case example.

Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) has most commonly been reported in parenterally fed individuals but may also present in patients receiving fat-restricted diets and in patients with fat-malabsorption disorders. This article reviews the physical and biochemical assessment for EFAD in clinical practice and disorders of fat malabsorption as potential risk factors for EFAD. A case report is included to describe the fatty acid profile of a patient with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency receiving low-dose pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy after a self-imposed fat-restricted diet.

Self-Reported Olfactory Dysfunction and Diet Quality: Findings from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

We identified associations between self-reported olfactory dysfunction (OD) and dietary attributes in participants aged ≥40 years ( = 6,356) from the nationally representative 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The chemosensory questionnaire and 24-h dietary recalls were administered by trained interviewers. OD was defined as self-report of either smell problems in the last year, worse smell relative to age 25, or perceiving phantom odors.

Impact of infusion frequency on quality of life in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition.

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) may be needed as a long-term therapy for patients with chronic intestinal failure whose clinical condition does not allow complete weaning of the parenteral nutrition (PN) solution. HPN is a time-consuming and clinically complex therapy and can negatively affect quality of life (QOL). The level of dependency on HPN, specifically, infusion frequency, has been proposed as a factor that may have an effect on QOL in patients receiving HPN.

Prophylactic supplementation of phosphate, magnesium, and potassium for the prevention of refeeding syndrome in hospitalized individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Medical stabilization, nutrition rehabilitation, and weight restoration, while minimizing risk for the potentially fatal complication of refeeding syndrome, are the primary goals for the treatment of hospitalized individuals with anorexia nervosa and other restrictive-type eating disorders. The purpose of this review was to examine the literature exploring the prophylactic supplementation of phosphate, magnesium, and potassium, in addition to routine thiamin and multivitamin supplementation, for the prevention of refeeding syndrome in adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa. Through evaluation of outcomes (including serum electrolyte levels and clinical signs and symptoms such as respiratory failure, cardiac failure, peripheral edema, rhabdomyolysis, and encephalopathy), three studies found that prophylactic supplementation of potassium, magnesium, and/or phosphate were effective in preventing refeeding syndrome or refeeding hypophosphatemia (a characteristic of refeeding syndrome).

Timing of oral intake after esophagectomy: A narrative review of the literature and case report.

Esophagectomy, a treatment modality for esophageal cancer, is associated with high rates of morbidity, the most common being anastomotic leaks and pulmonary complications. The current standard of care for nutrition support after esophagectomy includes a period of nothing by mouth with enteral nutrition support via jejunostomy tube owing to the concern of increasing the risk of anastomotic leak as a result of early postoperative oral intake. However, the optimal timing of oral diet initiation remains controversial.

Association of Habitual Alcohol Consumption With Long-term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes.

Importance: Women with gestational diabetes are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Identifying modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors, such as alcohol intake, that can be useful in delaying or preventing progression to overt type 2 diabetes is of particular interest.

Objective: To evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes.

Associations between Polymorphisms in Phase II Enzymes and Circulating Sex-Steroid Hormones in White Postmenopausal Women.

Objectives: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enzymes that metabolize sex steroid hormones were associated with the blood levels of these hormones in postmenopausal women and if the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) could modify this association.

Methods: Baseline data were collected from 932 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. Participants filled out a questionnaire about their demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical and reproductive history.

Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 national health and nutrition examination survey.

We identified associations between cigarette-smoking and taste function in the U.S. NHANES 2013-2014.

Medical nutrition therapy for patients with malnutrition post-intensive care unit discharge: A case report of recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Patients discharged from an intensive care unit (ICU) are frequently malnourished and experience ongoing inadequate nutrition intake because of a variety of barriers, which may lead to further declines in nutrition status. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drawn increased awareness to this vulnerable patient population and the importance of nutrition rehabilitation to promote optimal recovery from acute illness. Despite this, there are no formal guidelines addressing medical nutrition therapy during the post-ICU recovery phase.

Characterizing the Parental Perspective of Food-Related Quality of Life in Families After Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosis.

Food-related quality of life is defined as achieving adequate nutrition, deriving pleasure, and maintaining social activities through eating and drinking. The objective of this qualitative study was to characterize the parental perspective about eating experiences and family functioning after diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in their child in order to describe how these experiences may impact food-related quality of life. Semistructured interviews were completed with 10 parents of a child with inflammatory bowel disease.

Integration of patient-centered care in nutrition support decision-making: A case report.

Patient-centered care considers a patient's unique needs, values, preferences, and the psychosocial situation at the heart of decisions related to healthcare. Dietitians have reported several barriers to the practice of patient-centered care, including a lack of time and support and a perception that patients are unable to participate. This is meaningful as decisions regarding nutrition therapy, specifically in adult populations with cancer, influence patient morbidity and mortality and a patient's quality of life.

Comparative effectiveness of liquid human milk fortifiers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of liquid human milk fortifiers (HMFs) derived from exclusive HM or hydrolyzed protein on growth, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), or late-onset sepsis in North American very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants compared with powder HMFs (control).

Methods: Prospective trials published between 2009 and 2020 were systematically reviewed, and meta-analysis was conducted by using a random-effects model.

Results: Five studies were identified for up to 591 participants across 39 centers.

Adverse perioperative outcomes among patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery: Quantifying attributable risk from malnutrition.

Background: Preoperative malnutrition adversely impacts perioperative outcomes among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. The attributable risk (AR) that nutrition status contributes towards negative outcomes is poorly understood.

Methods: Adults undergoing GI cancer surgeries were identified within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2005-2017).

The associations between pediatric weight status and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes status and health-related quality of life among children and young adults with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening genetic disease, yet life expectancy has recently increased, shifting the focus to disease management and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Identification of clinical factors, such as weight status and CF-related diabetes (CFRD), that are associated with HRQoL can inform clinicians about the patient's health perception. The goal of this systematic review was two prong: identify the association of pediatric weight status and HRQoL and determine how CFRD status impacts HRQoL.

Anthropometric Outcomes of Children and Adolescents Using Telehealth with Weight Management Interventions Compared to Usual Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of telehealth (TH) weight management interventions compared to usual care on anthropometric outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Comprehensive searches were conducted identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1, 2005 and June 1, 2019. Studies using a web-based, smartphone or email TH intervention in children between 2-18 years of age were included.

Low-carbohydrate, high-fat enteral formulas for managing glycemic control in patients who are critically ill: A review of the evidence.

Hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) enteral formulas are marketed to improve glycemic control; however, given the multifactorial mechanisms contributing to hyperglycemia in patients who are critically ill, the effect that LCHF formulas may have on improving glycemic control in this patient population is unclear. Current guidelines for the use of LCHF formulas among patients who are critically ill are limited by a lack of evidence.

Utilization of indirect calorimetry to assist in determining undiagnosed hypothyroidism in a patient on mechanical ventilation.

Published predictive equations are required when indirect calorimetry (IC) is unavailable in the clinical setting. Several medical conditions that are not accounted for by published predictive equations can impact a patient's resting energy expenditure, such as adrenal changes or alterations in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH levels significantly impact a patient's resting energy expenditure, with hypothyroidism decreasing and hyperthyroidism increasing energy requirements.

Leukocyte telomere length, cancer incidence and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults: Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Telomeres play a key role in chromosomal maintenance and stability. To date, few studies have investigated the association of leukocyte telomere length with risk of cancer incidence and all-cause mortality in a large prospective cohort, particularly of the Asian population. Relative telomere lengths in genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples were quantified using a validated quantitative real-time PCR among 26 540 middle-aged or older Chinese adults.

Food Insecurity Among Health Sciences Graduate Students at a Large Northeastern University.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of food insecurity and the factors associated with it among health sciences graduate students.

Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey conducted in 2019 on an urban health sciences campus of a large, public northeastern university among health sciences graduate students. Food security status was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture validated 6-item short-form food security module.

Tooth Loss and Nutritional Status in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background/objective: Older adults are at risk for tooth loss and compromised nutritional status. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to answer the following question: Among adults aged ≥60 y living in developed countries, what are the associations between tooth loss and nutritional status as assessed by a validated nutrition screening or assessment tool?

Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and MEDLINE were searched for studies published in English between 2009 and 2019 that met inclusion criteria.

Structured Review of the Value Added by the Registered Dietitian to the Care of Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients.

Background: Malnutrition is common among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and contributes to their morbidity and mortality. Nutrition interventions provided by a registered dietitian (RD) or dietitian may improve nutrition status and patient outcomes; however, there are few studies that attempt to define the contribution of the dietitian to these outcomes.

Objective: Our objective was to identify the value added by the dietitian to the care of patients with GI malignancies.

Clinical Outcomes Associated With Commercial and Homemade Blenderized Tube Feedings: A Literature Review.

There is emerging evidence in the pediatric population that blenderized tube feeding (BTF) may improve gastrointestinal intolerance; however, not much is known about the impact of BTF on clinical outcomes in adults. This article presents a review of the literature published in the past 10 years that explored the impact of BTF on nutrition status (ie, weight status, body mass index, and upper-arm circumference) and nutrition adequacy in adults. The results indicate that BTF, compared with commercial enteral formula (CEF), may be inadequate in calories, macronutrients, and some micronutrients, given variability in BTF formula composition.