Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: State-of-the-science update and narrative review.

Objective: The long-recognized association of brain injury with increased risk of dementia has undergone significant refinement and more detailed study in recent decades. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a specific neurodegenerative tauopathy related to prior exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI). We aim to contextualize CTE within a historical perspective and among emerging data which highlights the scientific and conceptual evolution of CTE-related research in parallel with the broader field of neurodegenerative disease and dementia.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

How Weight Bias and Stigma Undermine Healthcare Access and Utilization.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight recent evidence of the impact of weight bias and stigma on healthcare access and utilization.

Recent Findings: Healthcare access for patients with obesity is limited by weight-discriminatory policies such as body mass index cutoffs and weight loss requirements. These policies are based on flawed justifications without demonstrated medical benefits.

The parent-child relationship and child shame and guilt: A meta-analytic systematic review.

Empirical findings on the associations of positive and dysfunctional parent-child relationship (PPCR/DPCR) characteristics with child shame, adaptive guilt, and maladaptive guilt were synthesized in six meta-analyses. The 65 included samples yielded 633 effect sizes (N = 19,144; M = 15.24 years; 59.

The Two Sides of Placebo Analgesia: Differential Functional Connectivity Reveals Mechanisms of Placebo Analgesic Response.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated that placebo induction manipulations can reduce an individual's pain through non-specific mechanisms, such as expectancy manipulations. However, despite robust research characterizing these effects, individual differences in predicting placebo analgesic responses are not well understood.

Methods: Fifty-four healthy pain-free adults over 18 (M=22.

Mapping alterations in the local synchrony of the cerebral cortex in Prader Willi syndrome.

Individuals with Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) often exhibit behavioral difficulties characterized by deficient impulse regulation and obsessive-compulsive features resembling those observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The genetic configuration of PWS aligns with molecular and neurophysiological findings suggesting dysfunction in the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneuron system may contribute to its clinical manifestation. In the cerebral cortex, this dysfunction is expressed as desynchronization of local neural activity.

Informing etiological heterogeneity of mild cognitive impairment and risk for progression to dementia with plasma p-tau217.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical diagnosis representing early symptom changes with preserved functional independence. There are multiple potential etiologies of MCI. While often presumed to be related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), other neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative causes are common.

Long-term neurobehavioral and neuroimaging outcomes in athletes with prior concussion(s) and head impact exposure.

The long-term health of former athletes with a history of multiple concussions and/or repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure has been of growing interest among the public. The true proportion of dementia cases attributable to neurotrauma and the neurobehavioral profile/sequelae of multiple concussion and RHI exposure among athletes has been difficult to determine. Across three exposure paradigms (i.

A Study on the Attachment to Pets Among Owners of Cats and Dogs Using the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) in the Basque Country.

The relationship between humans and their pets has long fascinated researchers, particularly in exploring how attachment varies according to the type of pet. Cats and dogs exhibit unique behavioral and social traits that influence the dynamics of human-pet relationships. Moreover, specific human characteristics have been found to affect this attachment.

Preliminary feasibility and efficacy of a brief behavioural treatment for insomnia after acquired brain injury: A case series.

Insomnia after acquired brain injury (ABI) is common and can negatively impact an individual's rehabilitation, recovery, and quality of life. The present study investigated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a Brief Behavioural Treatment for Insomnia (BBTI) in a community sample following ABI. Ten participants were recruited.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Efficacy in Improving Clinical, Neuropsychological, and Quality of Life in Women Victims of Violence.

Background: The number of female victims of violence has significantly increased in recent years, resulting in physical, mental, and social damage.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapeutic model compared with narrative exposure therapy (NET) as treatments for clinical improvement, neuropsychological outcomes, and quality of life in women who have experienced violence.

Methods: A randomized experimental study was conducted, involving 120 women exposed to physical, psychological, and sexual violence, who were assigned to either an EMDR or NET group.

Immune-inflammatory effects of the multicomponent intervention FIBROWALK in outdoor and online formats for patients with fibromyalgia.

The multicomponent intervention FIBROWALK integrates pain science education (PSE), therapeutic exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and mindfulness training for treating fibromyalgia (FM). This study investigated the effects of the FIBROWALK in online (FIBRO-On) and outdoor (FIBRO-Out) formats compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU) on core clinical variables along with serum immune-inflammatory biomarkers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, the predictive value of these biomarkers on clinical response to FIBROWALK was also evaluated.

Applying evidence-based cross-disciplinary concepts helps to explain the heterogeneity in pain, function, and biological measures in individuals with knee pain with/at risk of osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Factors contributing to individual differences in knee osteoarthritis remain elusive. Dispositional traits and socioeconomic status are independent predictors of mental and physical health, although significant variability remains. Dispositional traits serve as the biological interface for life experiences.

Prevailing theories describing sports-related concussion symptom reporting intent and behavior among adolescent athletes: a scoping review.

Diagnosis of sports-related concussion (SRC) primarily relies on an athlete's self-report of injury and associated symptoms. Social pressures and attitudes surrounding SRC influence athlete reporting behavior. Unfortunately, underreporting of SRC symptoms is an issue among adolescent athletes.

Psychopathology and NREM sleep parasomnias: A systematic review.

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnias are abnormal motor and/or emotional behaviors originating from "deep" slow-wave sleep and with a multifactorial origin. The relationship between NREM parasomnias and psychopathology has been a topic of ongoing debate, but a comprehensive and systematic perspective has been lacking. This systematic review, conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA-P) guidelines, aims to fill this gap in the literature.

Internalization of weight bias and stigma: Scientific challenges and opportunities.

Weight bias and stigma are widespread, unjust, and harmful to health. Increased empirical attention to the internalization of weight bias and stigma (or weight self-stigma) has revealed significant health implications that require further study and intervention. This review summarizes current knowledge on the conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, and correlates of internalized weight stigma.

Music medicine and music therapy in neonatal care: a scoping review of passive music listening research applications and findings on infant development and medical practice.

Background: In recent years, the use of music as a therapeutic and developmental tool for infants, especially within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), has seen a surge in interest. Despite a growing body of research underscoring the potential benefits of music therapy and music medicine in enhancing infant development and aiding medical practices, the specific characteristics of music that maximize these benefits remain poorly understood.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive foundation by mapping the existing literature on passive music listening and identifying gaps, trends, and patterns that are crucial precursors to the development of best practices.

Adherence and Retention in Early or Late Time-Restricted Eating: A Narrative Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves reducing the time-period in which food is typically consumed daily. While TRE is known to induce health benefits, particularly for adults with obesity, there is currently debate about whether the time of day in which food is consumed also contributes to the health benefits of TRE. Early TRE (eTRE) and late TRE (lTRE) are subtypes of TRE that involve consuming food and caloric beverages either in the early or later part of the day.

A systematic review of parent-child communication in pediatric asthma.

Objective: Parent-child communication is integral to pediatric asthma management. This review evaluates parent-child communication among youth with asthma and their caregivers. It aims to characterize the type of communication according to a unifying framework (Murphy, L.

The influence of the structure of the masticatory system on the presence and severity of the gag reflex in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Dysphagia, prevalent in 90% of children with neurological disorders, poses risks of medical complications and is associated with cognitive and psychosocial challenges. The absence of the sucking-swallowing reflex and variations in the gag reflex contribute to feeding difficulties.

Objectives: This study focuses on examining the impact of the gag reflex on the masticatory system structure in children with cerebral palsy, aiming to assess its significance.