Who develops chronic pain after an acute lower limb injury? A longitudinal study of children and adolescents.

Prevention of chronic pain is a major challenge in this area of clinical practice. To do this, we must be able to understand who is most at risk of developing chronic pain after an injury. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors of chronic pain onset, disability, and pain interference after a lower limb musculoskeletal injury in children and adolescents between 8 to 16 years of age.

Semantic processing in older adults is associated with distributed neural activation which varies by association and abstractness of words.

The extent to which the neural systems underlying semantic processes degrade with advanced age remains unresolved, which motivated the current study of neural activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during semantic judgments of associated vs. unassociated, semantic vs. rhyme, and abstract vs.

Neuropsychological profiles in first-episodes psychosis and their relationship with clinical, metacognition and social cognition variables.

An increasing interest in the assessment of neuropsychological performance variability in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) has emerged. However, its association with clinical and functional outcomes requires further study. Furthermore, FEP neuropsychological subgroups have not been characterized by clinical insight or metacognition and social cognition domains.

Effects of a Chatbot-Based Intervention on Stress and Health-Related Parameters in a Stressed Sample: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Stress levels and the prevalence of mental disorders in the general population have been rising in recent years. Chatbot-based interventions represent novel and promising digital approaches to improve health-related parameters. However, there is a lack of research on chatbot-based interventions in the area of mental health.

Anticholinergic Medication Burden and Cognitive Subtypes in Parkinson's Disease without Dementia.

Objective: Cognitive changes are heterogeneous in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study compared whether anticholinergic burden drives differences in cognitive domain performance and empirically-derived PD-cognitive phenotypes.

Method: A retrospective chart review contained participants (n = 493) who had idiopathic PD without dementia.

Facilitation of working memory capacity by transcranial direct current stimulation: a secondary analysis from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults (ACT) study.

Aging is a public health concern with an ever-increasing magnitude worldwide. An array of neuroscience-based approaches like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training have garnered attention in the last decades to ameliorate the effects of cognitive aging in older adults. This study evaluated the effects of 3 months of bilateral tDCS over the frontal cortices with multimodal cognitive training on working memory capacity.

CNS involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1: does sex play a role?

Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Although sex differences have been explored in other neuromuscular disorders, research on this topic in DM1 remains limited. The present study aims to analyze sex differences (both the patient's and disease-transmitting parent's sex) with a focus on CNS outcomes.

Greater Apathy Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use in Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: Apathy, a motivational disorder, is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and often misdiagnosed as depression. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been associated with increased apathy in adolescents and adults with depression. Based on observations that serotonin may downregulate dopaminergic systems, we examined the relationship between apathy and SSRI use in individuals with PD.

Temporal Profile of Serum Neurofilament Light (NF-L) and Heavy (pNF-H) Level Associations With 6-Month Cognitive Performance in Patients With Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Identification of biomarkers of cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) will inform care and improve outcomes. This study assessed the utility of neurofilament (NF-L and pNF-H), a marker of neuronal injury, informing cognitive performance following moderate-to-severe TBI (msTBI).

Setting: Level 1 trauma center and outpatient via postdischarge follow-up.

A pilot randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for medication decision-making and quality of life in women with breast cancer: The ACTION trial.

Objective: Non-adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) in women with breast cancer is common and associated with medication side-effects and distress. We co-designed an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention (ACTION) to enhance medication decision-making and quality of life (QoL). We undertook a pilot trial of ACTION to inform the feasibility of a phase III trial, and to examine intervention acceptability.

Multimodal cognitive and behavioral interventions for patients with MCI: a systematic review and meta-analysis on cognition and mood.

Background: Research has increasingly suggested a benefit to combining multiple cognitive or behavioral strategies in a single treatment program for cognitively impaired older adults. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize results on the effects of multimodal cognitive and behavioral interventions versus control conditions on changes in cognition and mood in patients with mild cognitive impairment (pwMCI).

Methods: The review followed a general PRISMA guideline for systematic literature review with a format consisting of participants, interventions, comparators, and outcomes (PICO).

A qualitative metasummary of detransition experiences with recommendations for psychological support.

Objective: The main goal of this article is to identify areas of psychotherapeutic work with detransitioners, that is, individuals who stop or reverse a gender transition, given the scarcity of information and resources.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and metasummary of qualitative data published until April 2023. Data were extracted, grouped, and refined to conform meta-findings.

Identifying barriers and facilitators for using a smartwatch to monitor health among older adults.

Smartwatches are a type of wearable device that enable continuous monitoring of an individual's activities and critical health metrics. As the number of older adults age 65+ continues to grow in the U.S.

A conceptual framework for a neurophysiological basis of art therapy for PTSD.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous condition that affects many civilians and military service members. Lack of engagement, high dropout rate, and variable response to psychotherapy necessitates more compelling and accessible treatment options that are based on sound neuroscientific evidence-informed decision-making. Art therapy incorporates elements proven to be effective in psychotherapy, such as exposure, making it a potentially valuable treatment option.

MyTrack+: Human-centered design of an mHealth app to support long-term weight loss maintenance.

A growing body of research has focused on the utility of adaptive intervention models for promoting long-term weight loss maintenance; however, evaluation of these interventions often requires customized smartphone applications. Building such an app from scratch can be resource-intensive. To support a novel clinical trial of an adaptive intervention for weight loss maintenance, we developed a companion app, MyTrack+, to pair with a main commercial app, FatSecret (FS), leveraging a user-centered design process for rapid prototyping and reducing software engineering efforts.

Co-Occurrence of Apathy and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson Disease: Variation across Multiple Measures.

Objective: To determine if the co-occurrence of apathy and impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson disease is dependent on instrument selection and assess the concurrent validity of three motivation measures by examining interrelationships between them.

Method: Ninety-seven cognitively normal individuals with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) completed the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) and three apathy measures: the Apathy Scale, Lille Apathy Rating Scale, and Item 4 of the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale.

Results: Fifty (51.

Chronic defeat stress induces monoamine level dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex but not in the hippocampus of OF1 male mice.

Chronic social stress can increase susceptibility to chronic diseases such as depression. One of the most used models to study the physiological mechanisms and behavioral outcomes of this type of stress is chronic defeat stress (CDS) in male mice. OF1 male mice were subjected to a stress period lasting 18 days.

Examining parental stress and its link to hair cortisol and DHEA levels in kindergartners.

Background: Parental work-family conflict (WFC) and parental household income have been linked to negative outcomes for children. So far, no study has associated these two stressors with the hair concentration of cortisol (HCC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in kindergarteners as a measurement of their objective stress.

Methods And Measures: 44 children (40.

Association of food insecurity with overall and disease-specific mortality among cancer survivors in the US.

Purpose: To investigate the association of food insecurity with overall and disease-specific mortality among US cancer survivors.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2018) were used to examine the impact of food insecurity on mortality risks among cancer survivors in the US. Study participants aged ≥ 20 years who had a history of cancer and completed the Adult Food Security Survey Module were included.

Psychological Constructs From the Fear Avoidance Model and Beyond as Predictors for Persisting Symptoms After Concussion: An Integrative Review.

Objectives: To identify the range of evidence for relationships between psychological factors using the Fear Avoidance Model (FAM) as a guiding framework and relevant clinical outcomes in adult patients with persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC), develop a comprehensive understanding of psychological factors that have been identified as predictors of clinical outcomes for PSaC, and contribute to the theoretical framework of the FAM for PSaC.

Data Sources: Six databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, SportDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched by a librarian for empirical and theoretical publications and experimental and quasi-experimental study designs. The literature search was not limited by publication date restrictions.

The Mediating Effects of Education and Occupational Complexity Between Race and Longitudinal Change in Late Life Cognition in ACTIVE.

This study examined educational and occupational inequality as two aspects of social determinants of health that might mediate the longitudinal relationship between racialization and late life cognitive level and change. Participants were 2371 individuals racialized as Black and White from the ACTIVE study who provided occupational data. Data were analyzed from baseline and five assessments over 10-years using structural equation modeling.