Socioeconomic inequalities in health among school-aged adolescents in Tehran.

Socioeconomic status has been found to have a significant impact on the health as well as risk behaviors of adolescents across different contexts. This study was conducted to assess the effect of social relations adjusted by social class on physical and psychological well-being of adolescences in Teheran, Iran. This was a cross- sectional study and carried out on 1,742 adolescences living in Tehran during 2011.

Neonatal Morbidity After Maternal Use of Antidepressant Drugs During Pregnancy.

Objectives: To estimate the rate of admissions to NICUs, as well as infants' morbidity and neonatal interventions, after exposure to antidepressant drugs in utero.

Methods: Data on pregnancies, deliveries, prescription drug use, and health status of the newborn infants were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Prescribed Drug Register, and the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register. We included 741 040 singletons, born between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2012.

Family members' life situation and experiences of different caring organisations during allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells transplantation-A qualitative study.

The aim of this study was to describe family members' life situation and experiences of care in two different care settings, the patient's home or in hospital during the acute post-transplantation phase after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 family members (seven women and seven men). An inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.

Extensive Computed Tomography versus Limited Screening for Detection of Occult Cancer in Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: A Multicenter, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) may harbor occult cancer. Whether an extensive diagnostic work-up for cancer has additional value over a more limited screening for detection of underlying malignancy in these patients is controversial. We performed a randomized multicenter trial to assess if in patients with unprovoked VTE, a computed tomography (CT)-based diagnostic strategy including thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic CT in combination with fecal occult blood test yields a higher cancer detection rate than a nonstandardized testing approach based on physicians' clinical judgment and patients' preferences.

Road Traffic Accident Victims' Experiences of Return to Normal Life: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Road traffic accident (RTA) victims also suffer from different types of injuries and disabilities, which can affect their quality of life. They usually face with various physical, mental, and social problems. Most traffic accident victims had difficulty to return to normal life.

What is important for you? A qualitative interview study of living with diabetes and experiences of diabetes care to establish a basis for a tailored Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for the Swedish National Diabetes Register.

Objectives: There is a growing emphasis on the perspective of individuals living with diabetes and the need for a more person-centred diabetes care. At present, the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) lacks patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) based on the perspective of the patient. As a basis for a new PROM, the aim of this study was to describe important aspects in life for adult individuals with diabetes.

Challenges in conducting qualitative research in health: A conceptual paper.

Background: Qualitative research focuses on social world and provides the tools to study health phenomena from the perspective of those experiencing them. Identifying the problem, forming the question, and selecting an appropriate methodology and design are some of the initial challenges that researchers encounter in the early stages of any research project. These problems are particularly common for novices.

Predominance of Uganda genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Ugandan patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Background: In Uganda, the emerging Uganda genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and accounts for up to 70% of isolates. Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is less studied in Uganda.

Methods: Molecular characterization using deletion analysis and spoligotyping was performed on 121 M.

Physical activity promotion in the primary care setting in pre- and type 2 diabetes - the Sophia step study, an RCT.

Background: Physical activity prevents or delays progression of impaired glucose tolerance in high-risk individuals. Physical activity promotion should serve as a basis in diabetes care. It is necessary to develop and evaluate health-promoting methods that are feasible as well as cost-effective within diabetes care.

Pregnant women's view on the Swedish internet resource Drugs and Birth Defects intended for health care professionals.

Introduction: Pregnant women often have questions concerning fetal effects of drugs but there is limited reliable information specifically intended for them. This study investigated how pregnant women perceive and value the scientific resource Drugs and Birth Defects (www.janusinfo.

Long-term prognosis in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk of adverse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Previous studies have reported prognosis in relation to treatment with or without insulin, and not to the type of diabetes.

Objectives: This study investigated long-term survival in patients with type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) following CABG.

The journey between ideal and real: Experiences of beginners psychiatric nurses.

Background: Understanding how novice nurses perceive their career in the psychiatric ward can be helpful for nurse educators and managers to gain insight into psychiatric nursing care and adding applicable knowledge to the development of support strategies for this group. The aim of this study was to describe and illuminate experiences of new graduated nurses working at a psychiatric ward in an Iranian context.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive phenomenology has been chosen.

Nonstructural Safety of Hospitals for Disasters: A Comparison Between Two Capital Cities.

Objective: Hospitals are expected to function as a safe environment during disasters, but many become unusable because of nonstructural damage. This study compares the nonstructural safety of hospitals to disasters in Tehran and Stockholm.

Methods: Hospital safety in Tehran and Stockholm was assessed between September 24, 2012, and April 5, 2013, with use of the nonstructural module of the hospital safety index from the World Health Organization.

Upper extremity nerve entrapments: the axillary and radial nerves--clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Background: Nontraumatic pain in the shoulder, arm, and hand (brachialgia) is a common complaint in the field of musculoskeletal disorders, where nerve entrapment constitutes a possible cause. The effect of nerve compression is dose-dependent; thus, a low-level compression will only result in decreased endoneurial circulation, neural edema, and a Seddon grade IV weakness, but will not be revealed in nerve conduction or magnetic resonance imaging studies. Because of technical limitations, several clinical options to diagnose compression neuropathies in the upper extremity have been proposed.

Association between adverse neonatal outcome and lactate concentration in amniotic fluid.

Objective: To estimate whether a high lactate concentration in amniotic fluid, together with cardiotocography, can be used as an indicator for an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcome at delivery.

Method: A prospective cohort study was performed at two tertiary center labor wards in Sweden. Healthy women with full-term, singleton pregnancies and cephalic presentation in spontaneous active labor were included in the study (N=825).

TRP channels of islets.

In the normal human body pancreatic β-cells spend most of the time in a READY mode rather than in an OFF mode. When in the READY mode, normal β-cells can be easily SWITCHED ON by a variety of apparently trivial stimuli. In the READY mode β-cells are highly excitable because of their high input resistance.

Calcium signaling in the islets.

Easy access to rodent islets and insulinoma cells and the ease of measuring Ca(2+) by fluorescent indicators have resulted in an overflow of data that have clarified minute details of Ca(2+) signaling in the rodent islets. Our understanding of the mechanisms and the roles of Ca(2+) signaling in the human islets, under physiological conditions, has been hugely influenced by uncritical extrapolation of the rodent data obtained under suboptimal experimental conditions. More recently, electrophysiological and Ca(2+) studies have elucidated the ion channel repertoire relevant for Ca(2+) signaling in the human islets and have examined their relative importance.

H2O2-induced Ca2+ influx and its inhibition by N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid in the beta-cells: involvement of TRPM2 channels.

Type 2 melastatin-related transient receptor potential channel (TRPM2), a member of the melastatin-related TRP (transient receptor potential) subfamily is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel activated by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). We have investigated the role of TRPM2 channels in mediating the H(2)O(2)-induced increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in insulin-secreting cells. In fura-2 loaded INS-1E cells, a widely used model of beta-cells, and in human beta-cells, H(2)O(2) increased [Ca(2+)](i), in the presence of 3 mM glucose, by inducing Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane.

Psychiatric morbidity in adolescents and young adults born preterm: a Swedish national cohort study.

Objective: Increasing numbers of infants born preterm survive into adulthood. Previous studies have reported increased levels of neurologic and cognitive disabilities in these children. In this study, we analyzed the effect of having been born preterm on psychiatric morbidity.

Preterm infants as young adults: a Swedish national cohort study.

Objective: Increasing numbers of infants born preterm survive into adulthood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of having been born preterm on disability and vocational success in young adults.

Methods: A Swedish national cohort of 522,310 infants born in 1973-1979 were followed up for disabilities and income in national registers in 2002 at the age of 23 to 29.