Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Management and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a serious metabolic disorder, is a worldwide health problem due to the alarming rise in prevalence and elevated morbidity and mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and ineffective insulin effect and secretion are hallmarks of T2DM, leading to many serious secondary complications. These include, in particular, cardiovascular disorders, diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy, diabetic foot, osteoporosis, liver damage, susceptibility to infections and some cancers.

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Manuka Honey and Ohia Lehua Honey.

Unlabelled: Honey is abundant in bioactive compounds, which demonstrate considerable therapeutic effects, particularly on oxidative stress and inflammation.

Objectives: This work sought to evaluate the antioxidant mechanisms of Manuka honey (MH) and Ohia Lehua honey (OLH), correlating them with phytochemical analyses in a rat model of experimentally induced inflammation.

Methods: The identification of polyphenolic compounds in the extracts was carried out using HPLC-ESI MS.

Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Mulberry Fruit Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Male Reproductive Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Review.

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity represents a significant challenge to male reproductive health, affecting approximately 13% of the global adult population. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence regarding mulberry ( L.) fruit extract's therapeutic potential for HFD-induced male reproductive dysfunction.

Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome, Tryptophan-Derived Metabolites, and Osteoarthritis-Related Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and affects over 528 million people worldwide. Degenerative joint disease involves cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation, leading to chronic pain, stiffness, and impaired joint function. Initially regarded as a "wear and tear" condition associated with aging and mechanical stress, OA is now recognized as a multifaceted disease influenced by systemic factors such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and chronic low-grade inflammation.

Effect of a Novel Food Rich in Miraculin on the Intestinal Microbiome of Malnourished Patients with Cancer and Dysgeusia.

Background/objectives: Dysgeusia contributes to malnutrition and worsens the quality of life of patients with cancer. Despite the different strategies, there is no effective treatment for patients suffering from taste disorders provided by the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, we developed a novel strategy for reducing side effects in cancer patients by providing a novel food supplement with the taste-modifying glycoprotein miraculin, which is approved by the European Union, as an adjuvant to medical-nutritional therapy.

Correction: Saber et al. BD-AcAc2 Mitigates Chronic Colitis in Rats: A Promising Multi-Pronged Approach Modulating Inflammasome Activity, Autophagy, and Pyroptosis. 2023, , 953.

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Intervention with Medicinal Plants: A Critical and Narrative Review of the Current Literature.

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, driven by the dysregulation of molecular pathways and activation of the brain's immune system, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory and oxidative molecules. This chronic inflammation is exacerbated by peripheral leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system. Medicinal plants, with their historical use in traditional medicine, have emerged as promising candidates to mitigate neuroinflammation and offer a sustainable alternative for addressing neurodegenerative conditions in a green healthcare framework.

The Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Glimepiride-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Glimepiride (GLM), a commonly used sulphonylurea drug for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been the subject of numerous studies exploring its kinetic behaviors. However, a comprehensive evaluation that synthesizes all available pharmacokinetic (PK) data across diverse populations remains limited. This systematic review aims to provide detailed knowledge about the pharmacokinetics (PK), the associated pharmacodynamics (PD), and the drug interactions of GLM, which can be used to assess key parameters and identify factors influencing variability across diverse populations and clinical settings.

Exploring Azithromycin's Neuroprotective Role in Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights into Cognitive and Motor Recovery and Neuroinflammatory Modulation.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and often results in substantial cognitive, motor, and psychological impairments, triggering oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of azithromycin (AZI) in TBI.

Methods: TBI was induced in rats using the weight-drop method.

Possibility of Using NO Modulators for Pharmacocorrection of Endothelial Dysfunction After Prenatal Hypoxia.

Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is a key factor in the development of long-term cardiovascular disorders, which are caused by various mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction (ED), including those associated with NO deficiency. This emphasizes the potential of therapeutic agents with NO modulator properties, such as Thiotriazoline, Angiolin, Mildronate, and L-arginine, in the treatment of PH. Pregnant female rats were given a daily intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg/kg of sodium nitrite starting on the 16th day of pregnancy.

-Lyophilized Fruit Extract Attenuated Acute Redox-Homeostatic Imbalance via Mutagenic and Oxidative Stress Modulation in Mice Model on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity.

Gentamicin (GM) administration is associated with decreased metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and induction of nephrotoxicity. L., containing flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytosterols, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.

From Infection to Tumor: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ciprofloxacin Derivatives as Anticancer Agents.

Ciprofloxacin, a widely used second-generation fluoroquinolone for treating bacterial infections, has recently shown notable anticancer properties. This review explores progress in developing ciprofloxacin derivatives with anticancer properties, emphasizing key structural changes that improve their therapeutic effectiveness by modifying the basic group at position 7, the carboxylic acid group at position 3, or both. It further investigates the mechanisms by which these derivatives fight cancer, such as inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting topoisomerase I and II, preventing tubulin polymerization, suppressing interleukin 6, blocking thymidine phosphorylase, inhibiting multidrug resistance proteins, and hindering angiogenesis.

In Vivo Assessment of Healing Potential of Ointments Containing Bee Products, Vegetal Extracts, and Polymers on Skin Lesions.

The present experiment aimed to formulate four ointments that included mixtures of plant extracts (, , , and ), apitherapy products (honey, propolis, and apilarnil) and natural polymers (collagen, chitosan, and the lyophilisate of egg white) in an ointment base. : In order to investigate the therapeutic properties of the ointments, experimental in vivo injury models (linear incision, circular excision, and thermal burns) were performed on laboratory animals, namely Wistar rats. The treatment was applied topically, once a day, for 21 days.

The Potential Application of Nanocarriers in Delivering Topical Antioxidants.

The imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with endogenous antioxidant capacity leads to oxidative stress, which drives many disorders, especially in the skin. In such conditions, supplementing exogenous antioxidants may help the body prevent the negative effect of ROS. However, the skin, as the outermost barrier of the body, provides a perfect barricade, making the antioxidant delivery complicated.

Comparative Analysis of the Enzymatic, Coagulant, and Neuromuscular Activities of Two Variants of Venom and Antivenom Efficacy.

We compared the enzymatic, coagulant, and neuromuscular activities of two variants (yellow-CDRy and white-CDRw) of venom with a sample of (CDT) venom and examined their neutralization by antivenom against CDT venom. The venoms were screened for enzymatic and coagulant activities using standard assays, and electrophoretic profiles were compared by SDS-PAGE. Neutralization was assessed by preincubating venoms with crotalic antivenom and assaying the residual activity.

Multi-Omics and Network-Based Drug Repurposing for Septic Cardiomyopathy.

Background/objectives: Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a severe cardiac complication of sepsis, characterized by cardiac dysfunction with limited effective treatments. This study aimed to identify repurposable drugs for SCM by integrated multi-omics and network analyses.

Methods: We generated a mouse model of SCM induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then obtained comprehensive metabolic and genetic data from SCM mouse hearts using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

Astrocytic HIV-1 Nef Expression Decreases Glutamate Transporter Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Increases Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats.

Background/objectives: Cocaine use disorder is an intersecting issue in populations with HIV-1, further exacerbating the clinical course of the disease and contributing to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Cocaine and HIV neurotoxins play roles in neuronal damage during neuroHIV progression by disrupting glutamate homeostasis in the brain. Even with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 Nef, an early viral protein expressed in approximately 1% of infected astrocytes, remains a key neurotoxin.

GnRH Peptide Antagonist: Comparative Analysis of Chemistry and Formulation with Implications for Clinical Safety and Efficacy.

Overexpression of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) plays a vital role in the advancement of reproductive malignancies such as ovarian, endometrial, and prostate cancer. Peptidomimetic GnRH antagonists are a substantial therapeutic development, providing fast and reversible suppression of gonadotropins by directly blocking GnRH-R. Unlike typical GnRH agonists, these antagonists prevent the early hormonal flare, have a faster onset of action, and have a lower risk of cardiovascular problems.

Heart Failure in Elderly Patients: Medical Management, Therapies and Biomarkers.

Heart failure (HF) is a common condition and one of the main morbidity and mortality factors in elderly patients. The incidence of HF progressively increases with age, reaching >10% in those aged 70 years or over. In the elderly population, both the diagnosis and the management of HF prove challenging, often requiring specialized care and a multidisciplinary approach.

Benn. Attenuates Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis: A Network Pharmacology Investigation of Its Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.

Monosodium urate crystal accumulation in the joints is the cause of gout, an inflammatory arthritis that is initiated by elevated serum uric acid levels. It is the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis, affecting millions worldwide, and requires effective treatments. The necessity for alternatives with fewer side effects is underscored by the frequent adverse effects of conventional therapies, such as urate-lowering drugs.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties and Biological Effects of a Novel Combined Barberry Root-Propolis Extract on HEK293T Cells.

The health benefits of honeybee products and herbs are well known, and their appropriate combination may enhance their biological efficacy. This study investigated the biological properties of a combined barberry root and propolis extract (PBE) in comparison to a propolis extract (PE), a barberry root extract (BE), and pure berberine (BN). The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH and FRAP methods and total phenolic contents (TPC) were assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Virulence Profiles of Classical and Hypervirulent Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The emergence of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant hypermucoviscous strains presents a significant public health challenge due to their increased virulence and resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study evaluates the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and virulence profiles of classical and hypervirulent strains isolated from various clinical samples. A total of 500 clinical samples were collected from patients at the Mardan Medical Complex and Ayub Medical Complex in KPK between July 2022 and June 2024.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid as an Antimicrobial Agent in Orthopedics-An In Vitro Study About the Race for Surface.

Background: The burden of prosthetic joint infection in combination with antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is a rising dilemma for patients experiencing total joint replacements. Around 0.8-2% of patients experience prosthetic joint infections, while up to 21% of patients are considered fatal cases after 5 years.

Detection and Whole-Genome Characteristics of Isolated from Captive Snakes.

is a rare member of the genus , primarily associated with human wound infections rather than respiratory diseases. The bacterium has been isolated from various clinical specimens, including ear inflammatory discharge, diabetic ulcers, and chronic wounds. The study aimed to characterize the genomes and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of obtained from the fecal samples of asymptomatic highland eyelash pit vipers ().

Comparative Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Between and Other Species.

species are major pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and antimicrobial resistance between (AB) and non- (NBA) species. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from adult patients (aged 18 or older) with bacteremia treated at two tertiary hospitals from July 2020 to November 2023.