Validity, reliability and clinical utility of ASSIST-Y in assessing risk of substance-related harm and dependence in Spanish male adolescents.

Background: Substance use among adolescents is strongly associated with adverse physical, mental health, and social outcomes. Prevention and early intervention can reduce the likelihood of future problems, but requires valid and reliable screening tools capable of assessing risk across a range of substances. This study assessed the validity, reliability, and clinical utility of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST-Y) for adolescents aged 15-17 years.

Protective effects of myrtenol against paraquat-induced toxicity in rats.

Background: Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used pesticide, can cause severe intoxication and respiratory failure. Myrtenol (Mrl), an essential oil derived in various plants, exhibits several biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aims to investigate the protective potential of Mrl against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by PQ exposure.

The patterns of presentation, management and outcomes of breast cancer patients at a tertiary health facility in Sierra Leone.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women globally and the most common cancer among women in Sierra Leone. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of clinical presentation, management and outcomes among breast cancer patients who presented at the Connaught Teaching Hospital Complex in Sierra Leone.

Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the specialist outpatient clinic at the Connaught Hospital.

Sinomenine attenuates uremia vascular calcification by miR-143-5p.

Vascular calcification is considered to be a killer of the cardiovascular system, involved inflammation and immunity. There is no approved therapeutic strategy for the prevention of vascular calcification. Sinomenine exhibited anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Prognostic, biological, and structural implications of FLT3-JMD point mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis of Alliance studies.

The FLT3 gene frequently undergoes mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with internal tandem duplications (ITD) and tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) point mutations (PMs) being most common. Recently, PMs and deletions in the FLT3 juxtamembrane domain (JMD) have been identified, but their biological and clinical significance remains poorly understood. We analyzed 1660 patients with de novo AML and found FLT3-JMD mutations, mostly PMs, in 2% of the patients.

The effect of the use of omeprazole versus famotidine on the kidney transplant function: a randomized controlled study.

Tacrolimus is metabolized in the liver with the participation of cytochrome P450 isoforms 3A4 and 3A5 (CYP3A4, CYP3A5). Omeprazole, unlike famotidine, is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 enzymes. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of omeprazole and famotidine on the tacrolimus concentration and the kidney transplant function.

Substituted piperazine conjugated to quinoline-thiosemicarbazide as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors to target hyperglycemia.

Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is a growing global health challenge characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. One therapeutic approach to managing this condition is the inhibition of α-glucosidase, an enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion, to reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. In this study, a series of thiosemicarbazide-linked quinoline-piperazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, to identify new agents for type 2 diabetes management.

Efficacy of melatonin treatment in a cystic fibrosis mouse model of airway infection.

Approaches to mitigate the severity of infections and of immune responses are still needed for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) even with the success of highly effective modulator therapies. Previous studies identified reduced levels of melatonin in a CF mouse model related to circadian rhythm dysregulation. Melatonin is known to have immunomodulatory properties and it was hypothesized that treatment with melatonin would improve responses to bacterial infection in CF mice.

Evaluation of osseointegration of plasma treated polyaryletherketone maxillofacial implants.

Osseointegration is a crucial property of biomaterials used for bone defect repair. While titanium is the gold standard in craniofacial surgeries, various polymeric biomaterials are being explored as alternatives. However, polymeric materials can be bioinert, hindering integration with surrounding tissues.

Therapeutic potential of brentuximab vedotin in breast cancer and lymphoma via targeted apoptosis and gene regulation.

This study was designed to assess the effect of brentuximab vedotin on several breast cancer cell lines in terms of promoting apoptosis and managing cancer progression. Additionally, the study investigated the potential of repurposing this drug for new therapeutic reasons, beyond its original indications. The study evaluates the cytotoxic effects of Brentuximab vedotin across five cell lines: normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF), three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and T-47D), and histiocytic lymphoma (U-937).

Oncogenic role of RARG rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) featuring retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RARG) rearrangements exhibits morphological features resembling those of acute promyelocytic leukemia but is associated with drug resistance and poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of RARG fusions in leukemogenesis remain elusive. Here, we show that RARG fusions disrupt myeloid differentiation and promote proliferation and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by upregulating BCL2 and ATF3.

Exploring similarities and differences in anti-atherosclerotic potential bioactives among Dendrobium species by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS.

Atherosclerosis is a primary cause of cardiovascular disease, straining healthcare systems. Dendrobium officinale, a widely used food-medicine homology, has demonstrated anti-atherosclerotic (anti-AS) properties, with other species listed in pharmacopoeias exhibiting similar effects. However, their efficacy varies, and the impact of interspecies variations on compounds and mechanisms in Dendrobium's anti-AS effects remains unclear.

Copper-instigated modulatory cell mortality mechanisms and progress in kidney diseases.

Copper is a vital cofactor in various enzymes, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cell homeostasis. When copper metabolism is disordered and mitochondrial dysfunction is impaired, programmed cell death such as apoptosis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, autophagy and necroptosis can be induced. In this review, we focus on the metabolic mechanisms of copper.

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Replication and Reliability Assessment Across a Research Network.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to use observational methods to evaluate reliability of evidence generated by a study of the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) outcomes among Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Research Design And Methods: We independently reproduced a study comparing effects of GLP-1RA versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-i) on CLRD outcomes among patients with T2DM and prior CLRD. We reproduced inputs and outputs using the original study data (national administrative claims) and evaluated the robustness of results in comparison to alternate design/analysis decisions.

Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions in Pharmacoepidemiologic Research.

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) represent a significant concern for clinical care and public health, but the health consequences of many DDIs remain largely underexplored. This knowledge gap underscores the critical need for pharmacoepidemiologic research to evaluate real-world health outcomes of DDIs. In this review, we summarize the definitions commonly used in pharmacoepidemiologic DDI studies, discuss common sources of bias, and illustrate through examples how these biases can be mitigated.

Core Concepts: Self-Controlled Designs in Pharmacoepidemiology.

One of the key challenges in pharmacoepidemiological studies is that of uncontrolled confounding, which occurs when confounders are poorly measured, unmeasured or unknown. Self-controlled designs can help address this issue, as their key comparison is not between people, but periods of time within the same person. This controls for all time-stable confounders (genetics) and in the absence of time-varying confounding negates the need for an external control group.

[Shaoyao Gancao Decoction in digestive system diseases: applications and mechanisms].

Shaoyao Gancao Decoction(SGD) is one of the prescriptions included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions(First Batch) published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. It is composed of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle. Experiments and clinical cases have proved that SGD has anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, antispasmodic, and liver-protecting effects.

[Molecular mechanism of Xinyang Tablets in improving myocardial fibrosis in uremic cardiomyopathy based on single-cell sequencing technology].

This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of Xinyang Tablets on myocardial fibrosis in uremic cardiomyopathy(UCM) using single-cell sequencing technology. UCM mouse models were established by 5/6 nephrectomy(NPM) and randomly divided into the model group, Xinyang Tablets group, and sham-operated(sham) group as the control. The Xinyang Tablets group received postoperative interventions of Xinyang Tablets(0.

[Advances in pharmacological mechanism and toxicology of gambogic acid].

Gambogic acid, a caged xanthone compound derived from Garcinia, has been proven to be an important substance basis for the pharmacological effects of the plant. In recent years, it has received continuous attention due to its broad and significant pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that gambogic acid endows various therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities, as well as benefits in retinopathy, organ protection, anti-microbial infection, bone protection, and neuropathic pain relief.

Aerobic Exercise Prescription for Pain Reduction in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objective: Fibromyalgia is a condition characterised by disabling levels of pain of varying intensity. Aerobic exercise may play a role in reducing pain in these patients. The aim of this review is to assess the dose of aerobic exercise needed, based on the frequency, intensity, type, time, volume and progression (FITT-VP) model, to obtain clinically relevant reductions in pain.

Specnuezhenide: Comprehensive review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and ethnomedicinal uses.

Background: Specnuezhenide (SPN) is a bioactive iridoid terpenoid compound mainly found in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF), that has a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-neoplastic, hepatoprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory properties.

Purpose: The present review provides a comprehensive summary of natural medicinal plants, traditional Chinese medicine compounds containing SPN, and their corresponding pharmacological mechanisms.

Methods: Using several globally recognized databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, and CNKI until December 2024, A comprehensive literature search and analysis was carried out with the keywords "Specnuezhenide", " Pharmacology ", "Pharmacokinetics" and " Chinese herbal compound".

Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Polygonatum Sibiricum and effect on alleviating hyperlipidemia in egg yolk emulsion-induced mice.

Polysaccharides are the major bioactive composition of Polygonatum sibiricum (P. sibiricum). However, the structural and functional identifications of these polysaccharides were still limited.

Long-acting, progestin-based contraceptives and risk of breast, gynecological, and other cancers.

Background: Use of long-acting, reversible contraceptives has increased over the past 20 years, but an understanding of how they could influence cancer risk is limited.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among a national cohort of Australian women (n = 176 601 diagnosed with cancer between 2004 and 2013; 882 999 matched control individuals) to investigate the associations between the levonorgestrel intrauterine system, etonogestrel implants, depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and cancer risk and compared these results with the oral contraceptive pill. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).