Adverse events after nivolumab and ipilimumab combined immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre experience in Poland.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been employed in the adjuvant and metastatic setting of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment. Among ICIs, combined immunotherapy has the highest risk for immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We aimed to document the incidence of irAEs in RCC patients treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab as data from the European population remain limited.

Pretreatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer treated with pembrolizumab.

Pembrolizumab-containing regimens are the standard first-line treatment for recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M HNSCC). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) have been reported to be important prognostic factors in a variety of carcinomas, but none have been investigated in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy or in first-line treatment. Seventy-four patients with R/M HNSCC received pembrolizumab-containing regimens at Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan, from April 2020 to March 2023.

Survival outcomes for HER2-low breast cancer: Danish national data.

Background And Purpose: We investigated the prognosis of breast cancer (BC) with low expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), as previous studies have found varying impacts on survival of HER2-low BC compared with HER2 0 BC (HER2 IHC score of 0). HER2-low is defined as a score of 1+ or 2+ in an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay without HER2 gene amplification.

Materials And Methods: Patients with HER2 0 or HER2-low BC from the national Danish Breast Cancer Group database were examined by multivariable survival analysis in a retrospective noninterventional investigation.

Diagnosis and prognosis prediction of gastric cancer by high-performance serum lipidome fingerprints.

Early detection is warranted to improve prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) but remains challenging. Liquid biopsy combined with machine learning will provide new insights into diagnostic strategies of GC. Lipid metabolism reprogramming plays a crucial role in the initiation and development of tumors.

Efficacy and safety of dostarlimab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with dMMR/MSI-H primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer in a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ENGOT-EN6-NSGO/GOG-3031/RUBY).

Objectives: Part 1 of the RUBY trial (NCT03981796) demonstrated improved survival in patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) treated with dostarlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel versus placebo plus carboplatin-paclitaxel. Here, we examine additional efficacy and safety data from patients with mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) EC in the RUBY trial.

Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to dostarlimab 500 mg or placebo plus carboplatin-paclitaxel every 3 weeks for 6 cycles followed by dostarlimab or placebo every 6 weeks for up to 3 years.

Advancements in colorectal cancer treatment: The role of metal-based and inorganic nanoparticles in modern therapeutic approaches.

Recent advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) have highlighted the integration of metal-based nanoparticles into sophisticated therapeutic strategies. This examination delves into the potential applications of these nanoparticles, particularly in augmenting the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and targeted drug delivery systems. Metal nanoparticles, such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu), possess distinctive characteristics that make them valuable in cancer treatment.

Synthetic circRNA therapeutics: innovations, strategies, and future horizons.

Small molecule drugs are increasingly emerging as innovative and effective treatments for various diseases, with mRNA therapeutics being a notable representative. The success of COVID-19 vaccines has underscored the transformative potential of mRNA in RNA therapeutics. Within the RNA family, there is another unique type known as circRNA.

Exploring the complexity, treatment challenges, and outcomes in pediatric nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a perspective from a low-middle-income country.

Background: In children, nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is an uncommon subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma. Given the lack of data on the best chemotherapy regimen, there is a knowledge gap in best management.

Methods: This retrospective study included all pediatric patients with NLPHL diagnosed and treated at the Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt (2007-2018).

A narrative review of the challenges and impact of breast cancer treatment in older adults beyond cancer diagnosis.

Background And Objective: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, with 45% of them over 65 years old. Older breast cancer patients tend to be underrepresented and understudied in major clinical trials. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding treatment decision-making, treatment toxicities, and proposed survivorship management recommendations for geriatric cancer patients.

Clinical Outcomes and Relevance of Composite V12 Gy in Patients With Four or More Brain Metastases Treated With Single Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

Aims: Tissue V12Gy (total brain volume receiving 12Gy including target) can predict for late toxicity in single target benign disease treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The value of this metric remains uncertain for multiple brain metastases. This retrospective cohort study reports the outcomes and evaluates the predictors of toxicity in patients with four or more brain metastases treated with single-fraction SRS.

The impact of elective cervical lymph node treatment on the tumour immune response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: time for a change in treatment strategy?

The elective ablation of cervical lymph nodes, via surgery or irradiation, is a mainstay in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this setting, the decision to treat the clinically node negative neck is based upon risk analysis of various factors, primarily derived from tumour features. However, the impact of ablation of tumour-draining lymph nodes upon the tumour-immune response and immunocompetence is largely unknown.

Metformin may improve the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus partly through effects on neutrophil extracellular traps.

Background: Although metformin reduces the risk of cancer-related mortality in patents with type 2 diabetes, the mechanism of its anti-cancer effects has not been fully understood.

Method: Impact of metformin on survival was examined in patients who underwent curative colectomy for colorectal cancer (CRC). The effects of metformin in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were examined with in-vitro experiments and multiplex immunohistochemistry of surgically resected CRC specimens.

Different efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors by KIT and PGFRA mutations identified in circulating tumor DNA for the treatment of refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Background: While advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are primarily treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), acquired resistance from specific mutations in KIT or PDGFRA frequently occurs. We aimed to assess the utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a modality of therapeutic decision-making in advanced GIST.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of SCRUM-Japan studies for advanced GIST patients.

Flow cytometry analysis of myeloid derived suppressor cells using 6 color labeling.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) encompass a diverse population of immature myeloid cells categorized into granulocytic and monocytic groups. These cells exert immune-suppressive functions within the tumor microenvironment, primarily influenced by cytokines and tumor-associated factors. Research has consistently linked elevated MDSC levels to unfavorable cancer prognosis and poor responses to immunotherapies.

Prognostic Value of the Noble and Underwood Score in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical Resection.

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of the Noble and Underwood (NUn) score as a prognostic marker for overall survival (OS) in patients with stage I to IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The NUn score is a novel composite marker that integrates C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin (ALB) levels, and white blood cell (WBC) count to provide a comprehensive assessment of systemic inflammation and nutritional status. We included patients with stage I to IIIA NSCLC and assessed the NUn score, calculated using CRP, ALB levels, and WBC count.

The utility of the 21-gene Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score assay in node-negative breast cancer patients - the final analysis of the Polish real-life survey PONDx.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is among the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumours in females. The optimal treatment of early HR+, HER2-, and lymph node-negative (N0) BC remains challenging. Since individual assessment of recurrence risk and expected benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) based on clinicopathological features alone appear inadequate, gene expression profiling tests have been developed.