Patient Preferences for Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treatment: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: To examine the preference weightings for risk/benefit attributes of therapy in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) patients, encompassing hormone-sensitive (mHSPC) and castration-resistant (mCRPC) settings.

Patients And Methods: A noninterventional cross-sectional survey employing a discrete choice experiment was conducted, recruiting 200 mHSPC and 100 mCRPC patients within 5 years of diagnosis from the urology and oncology specialty clinics between Feb 2023 and Jul 2023. Patients were randomized into 2 blocks of 9 questions, choosing 1 out of 2 medication profiles consisting 5 attributes, each with 3 levels, determined from a group interview of 5 patients.

Trilaciclib prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab for patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: phase 3 PRESERVE 1 trial.

Background: In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), improvements in survival from combining leucovorin/fluorouracil/oxaliplatin/irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) with bevacizumab have come at the risk of increased rates of high-grade toxicities. Trilaciclib is indicated to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in patients receiving standard-of-care chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Methods: Patients with untreated mCRC were randomly assigned 1:1 to trilaciclib (n = 164) or placebo (n = 162) prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab for up to 12 cycles (induction), followed by trilaciclib or placebo prior to fluorouracil/leucovorin/bevacizumab (maintenance).

Retinoblastoma Protein Loss in p53 Abnormal Endometrial Carcinoma: Histologic and Clinicopathological Correlates.

Of the 4 molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer (EC), p53-abnormal (p53abn) EC is associated with abundant copy number alterations and the worst clinical outcome. Patients with p53abn EC have the highest risk of disease recurrence and death, independent of tumor grade and histologic subtype. Currently, all invasive p53abn ECs are considered high risk, and no prognostic biomarkers have yet been found that can aid in clinical management.

Development of pituitary dysfunction and destructive thyroiditis is associated with better survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with programmed cell death-1 inhibitors: a prospective study with immortal time bias correction.

Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are reported to be associated with better overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, there may be a bias in that patients who develop irAEs must survive long enough to experience the irAEs, and no prospective studies adjusting for immortal time bias (ITB) have examined the relationship between OS and pituitary dysfunction or the two different types of thyroid dysfunction: destructive thyroiditis and hypothyroidism without prior thyrotoxicosis (isolated hypothyroidism).

Methods: Patients with NSCLC who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab at Nagoya University Hospital between November 2, 2015 and February 1, 2023 were enrolled.

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma with exceptionally long response to lorlatinib-a case report.

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is a rare and aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. The disease is associated with rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). In this paper, we present the clinicopathological features and treatment of a female patient diagnosed with EIMS.

ClassifieR 2.0: expanding interactive gene expression-based stratification to prostate and high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Background: Advances in transcriptional profiling methods have enabled the discovery of molecular subtypes within and across traditional tissue-based cancer classifications. Such molecular subgroups hold potential for improving patient outcomes by guiding treatment decisions and revealing physiological distinctions and targetable pathways. Computational methods for stratifying transcriptomic data into molecular subgroups are increasingly abundant.

PEG-BCT-100 and Canavanine Synergistically Induce Apoptosis in Arginine Biosynthetic Enzyme-Deficient Pancreatic Cancer.

This study investigates the synergistic antitumor effect of PEG-BCT-100, an arginase, in clinical trials, with canavanine in pancreatic cancer, in vitro and in vivo. The treatment induces cancer cell apoptosis while sparing normal fibroblasts. Our findings suggest heightened susceptibility of pancreatic tumors deficient in arginine biosynthesis enzymes ASS1 and OTC.

External validation of a multimodality deep-learning normal tissue complication probability model for mandibular osteoradionecrosis trained on 3D radiation distribution maps and clinical variables.

Background And Purpose: While the inclusion of spatial dose information in deep learning (DL)-based normal-tissue complication probability (NTCP) models has been the focus of recent research studies, external validation is still lacking. This study aimed to externally validate a DL-based NTCP model for mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) trained on 3D radiation dose distribution maps and clinical variables.

Methods And Materials: A 3D DenseNet-40 convolutional neural network (3D-mDN40) was trained on clinical and radiation dose distribution maps on a retrospective class-balanced matched cohort of 184 subjects.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) in Nepalese Cancer Patients Experiencing Pain.

Background: Adherence to pain medication is crucial for cancer patients, since non-adherence can lead to increased suffering, reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Although the five-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) is a validated tool for assessing medication adherence, but it has not been translated and validated into the Nepalese language. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt and validate the MARS-5 in Nepalese language for Nepalese cancer patients who were experiencing pain.

The Role of Active Brown Adipose Tissue in Patients With Pheochromocytoma or Paraganglioma.

Objectives: Metabolically-active brown adipose tissue (aBAT) is a common finding on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging in patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PPGL). In addition to its clinical significance, we aimed to explore the prevalence of this finding on FDG-PET imaging in patients with PPGL.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and retrospective studies.

Importance of Lymph Node Metastasis to the Pancreatic Head Region in Patients with Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma.

Introduction: Owing to their rarity, clinicopathologic variables and postoperative outcomes in patients with ampulla of Vater carcinoma (AVC) have not been fully elucidated.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of patients who underwent surgical exploration for AVC was performed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: One-, three-, and five-year overall survival rates after surgery were 97.

Development of a rapid LFA test based on direct RT-LAMP for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: In response to the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we developed a rapid molecular approach to diagnose COVID-19 without the need for RNA extraction.

Methods: The study utilized two molecular methods, RT-qPCR and colorimetric RT-LAMP, to diagnose the RdRp and ORF8 genes, respectively, in oro-nasopharyngeal swabs. Due to the high sequence diversity of ORF8 in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, it has been identified as a suitable target for virus detection.

Establishing a new human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL-1, expressing insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and programmed cell death ligand 1.

The Main Problem: Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most prevalent type of non-small cell lung cancer. Analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying lung carcinoma requires useful tools, such as squamous lung cancer cell lines.

Methods: A novel new lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL-1, was developed from the primary lung cancer of a 74-year-old man.

GPRC5A promotes lung colonization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Emerging evidence suggests that cancer cells may disseminate early, prior to the formation of traditional macro-metastases. However, the mechanisms underlying the seeding and transition of early disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) into metastatic tumors remain poorly understood. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that early lung DCCs from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) exhibit a trophoblast-like 'tumor implantation' phenotype, which enhances their dissemination and supports metastatic growth.

Real-World Pattern-of-Care Analysis of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas Radiation Therapy Among European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Members.

Purpose: We aim to determine the current treatment patterns and recommendations among physicians for cutaneous lymphomas and to identify the types of skin lymphomas for which existing radiation regimens need improvement.

Methods And Materials: A questionnaire from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer was distributed to all members of the Cutaneous Lymphoma Tumour Group and Radiation Oncology Scientific Council. This online survey included 13 questions regarding treatment practices for patients with cutaneous lymphoma.