Cardiovascular safety of 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine in colorectal cancer patients: real-world evidence.

Background: Fluoropyrimidines, including 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine, are the most common chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal carcinoma. Although previous studies have suggested varying degrees of cardiotoxicity with these drugs, there is a notable lack of large-scale investigations with appropriate control groups. This study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular outcome among colorectal carcinoma patients treated with fluoropyrimidines.

Long-term survival of participants in the PASART-1 and PASART-2 trials of neo-adjuvant pazopanib and radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma.

Objective: This study aims to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of adding pazopanib to neo-adjuvant radiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with high-risk non-metastatic soft tissue sarcoma of the trunk and extremities treated in the PASART-1 and PASART-2 trials, as well as to compare the PASART cohorts to a control cohort receiving standard treatment during the same time period from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (IKNL) to investigate if adding pazopanib improves Overall Survival (OS).

Methods: Updated follow-up data on disease control, survival and long-term toxicities of the PASART-trials were extracted from electronic patient records. The effect of adding pazopanib to neo-adjuvant radiotherapy on OS was investigated by comparing the combined PASART cohorts to the IKNL cohort via direct comparison and exact matching analysis.

Recommendations of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Section of Polish Neurological Society and Immuno-oncology Section of Polish Society of Oncology on oncological risk in patients with multiple sclerosis undergoing immunomodulatory therapy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is usually diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40. Changes in the immune system also observed in cancer may suggest a higher prevalence of cancer in the MS patient population. In recent years, many highly effective immunosuppressive drugs have been introduced into disease-modifying therapy (DMT) which may be associated with a higher risk of cancer development in patients with MS.

Enabling next-generation engineered TCR-T therapies based on high-throughput TCR discovery from diagnostic tumor biopsies.

Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate tumor regression, including complete and durable responses, in a range of solid cancers, most notably in melanoma. However, its wider application and efficacy has been restricted by the limited accessibility, proliferative capacity and effector function of tumor-specific TIL. Here, we develop a platform for the efficient identification of tumor-specific TCR genes from diagnostic tumor biopsies, including core-needle biopsies frozen in a non-viable format, to enable engineered T cell therapy.

Basal metabolic rate by FAO/WHO/UNU as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with gastric cancer: A cohort study.

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a crucial indicator of the body's energy expenditure at rest and is essential for understanding metabolic needs. This retrospective study evaluated the prognostic significance of BMR in 521 predominantly Asian patients with stage I-III gastric cancer who underwent curative-intent resection. BMR was calculated using the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FWU BMR) equation.

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumours: A case series.

Background: Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour is a rare mesenchymal soft tissue sarcoma with uncertain differentiation and variable metastatic potential.

Patients And Methods: This study offers a retrospective analysis of 23 patients diagnosed with OFMT between 1993 and 2024.

Results: The tumours most commonly arose in the extremities and trunk, with all patients undergoing surgical resection of the primary tumour.

Brief report: Impact of consolidation durvalumab on unresectable non-small lung cancer with driver mutations.

Unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carries a poor prognosis. The PACIFIC trial established consolidation durvalumab after chemoradiation as a standard treatment; however, its efficacy in patients with driver mutations remains uncertain. This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from three oncology centers in Hong Kong, covering the period from January 2019 to December 2022.

ADARp110 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via stabilization of CD24 mRNA.

ADAR is highly expressed and correlated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the role of its constitutive isoform ADARp110 in tumorigenesis remains elusive. We investigated the role of ADARp110 in HCC and underlying mechanisms using clinical samples, a hepatocyte-specific knock-in mouse model, and engineered cell lines. ADARp110 is overexpressed and associated with poor survival in both human and mouse HCC.

Paclitaxel plus cetuximab versus nivolumab for patients with platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Nivolumab is the standard treatment for platinum-refractory recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M-HNSCC). Several studies have reported the efficacy of paclitaxel plus cetuximab (PC) combination therapy in this patient population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with platinum-refractory R/M-HNSCC treated with nivolumab or PC at our institution between January 2015 and March 2022.

Illuminating the impact of CD38-induced adenosine formation in B-cell lymphoma.

The expression of CD38 by cancer cells may mediate an immune-suppressive effect by producing Extracellular Adenosine (ADO) acting through G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors on cellular components and tumor cells. This can increase PD-1 expression and interaction with PD-L1, suppressing CD8 + cytotoxic T cells. This study examines the impact of heightened CD38 expression and extracellular ADO on various hematological and clinical parameters in patients with mature B-cell lymphoma, alongside their correlation with the soluble counterparts of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.

Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Hong Kong: A Territory-Wide Cohort Study.

Introduction: Randomized phase III trials showed that using trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) in patients with pre-treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) conferred survival benefit versus placebo. Here, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of FTD/TPI and sought to identify prognostic factors among the mCRC population in Hong Kong.

Methods: A non-interventional, retrospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled patients with mCRC who received FTD/TPI in seven public hospitals in Hong Kong between 2016 and 2020.

Differentiating Latent Tuberculosis from Active Tuberculosis Through Activation Phenotypes and Chemokine Markers HLA-DR, CD38, MCP-1, and RANTES: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Latent TB infection (LTBI) affects one fourth of the global population. Currently, there is an absence of an optimal strategy for distinguishing between active tuberculosis (aTB) and LTBI. While some researchers have explored cytokines other than interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as biomarkers, results have shown significant variability in their ability to differentiate between these conditions.

First Indonesian Nasopharyngeal Cancer Whole Epigenome Sequencing Identify Tumour Suppressor CpG Methylation.

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by genetic and epigenetic modifications. While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a known risk factor, recent studies highlight the significant role of DNA methylation in NPC pathogenesis. Aberrant methylation, particularly at CpG sites, can silence tumour suppressor genes, promoting uncontrolled cell growth.

Total neoadjuvant therapy based on short-course radiotherapy versus standard long-course chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: We conducted the meta-analysis to compare the therapeutic effects of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) based on short-course radiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy (SCRT/CCT) and long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) according to certain significant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: The researchers retrieved several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, to collect all the relevant literature published since the establishment of the databases until July 30, 2024, and then screened to determine the qualified literature and extracted the relevant information. Finally, RevMan 5.

Dynamics of VEGF-А, Аngiopoietin-2 and HIF-1α Levels in Patients with Brain Metastases Treated with Cyberknife Radiosurgery.

The contemporary concept of carcinogenesis summarizes the role of hypoxia, neoangiogenesis, and hemostasis, including in the stage of progression and metastasis of the tumor process. Metastatic disease is a serious therapeutic challenge for any oncological condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of specific indicators of neoangiogenesis and hypoxia as potential biomarkers for therapeutic efficacy or risk of disease progression in patients with brain metastases (BM) undergoing robotic stereotactic radiosurgery.

Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group expert consensus statement on the peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer.

The peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in earlier stage disease has seen significant advances in recent years with the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy. However, many unanswered questions and challenges remain, including the application of clinical trial data to routine clinical practice. Recognising the unique demographic profile of Asian patients with NSCLC and heterogeneous healthcare systems, the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group (ATORG) convened a consensus meeting in Singapore on 26 April 2024 to discuss relevant issues spanning diagnostic testing to post-neoadjuvant treatment considerations and future directions.

Durvalumab with or without bevacizumab with transarterial chemoembolisation in hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-1): a multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is standard of care for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma that is amenable to embolisation; however, median progression-free survival is still approximately 7 months. We aimed to assess whether adding durvalumab, with or without bevacizumab, might improve progression-free survival.

Methods: In this multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study (EMERALD-1), adults aged 18 years or older with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma amenable to embolisation, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 at enrolment, and at least one measurable intrahepatic lesion per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) were enrolled at 157 medical sites including research centres and general and specialist hospitals in 18 countries.

Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila complements the efficacy of PD1 therapy in MAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are not effective for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and identifying the key gut microbiota that contributes to immune resistance in these patients is crucial. Analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing reveals a decrease in Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) during MAFLD-promoted HCC development. Administration of Akk ameliorates liver steatosis and effectively attenuates the tumor growth in orthotopic MAFLD-HCC mouse models.

Formative evaluation of a mobile chat-based intervention (ChatEx) for promoting exercise behaviour in older cancer survivors.

Purpose: To conduct a formative evaluation of ChatEx to increase and maintain exercise among older cancer survivors.

Methods: ChatEx is a blended intervention involving 12 weeks of theory-based instant messages and two in-person training sessions. This pilot study comprises three phases: (1)intervention development: developing a message library reviewed by experts; (2)message library pretesting: exploring the views of older cancer survivors toward the message library and making modifications (n = 20); and (3)intervention pilot testing: piloting the ChatEx using a non-randomized quasi-experimental design using quantitative and qualitative methods among cancer survivors aged 65+ who do not meet current exercise guidelines and have completed treatment (n = 40).

Cemiplimab in recurrent cervical cancer: Final analysis of overall survival in the phase III EMPOWER-Cervical 1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9 trial.

Aim: Cemiplimab has demonstrated significantly longer survival than physician's choice of chemotherapy in patients with recurrent cervical cancer after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. We report the final survival analysis from the phase III randomized study (EMPOWER-Cervical 1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9).

Methods: Cemiplimab (n = 304) or chemotherapy (n = 304) were administered every 3 weeks.

Didemnins as marine-derived anticancer agents: mechanistic insights and clinical potential.

Didemnins, a class of cyclic depsipeptides derived from marine organisms exhibit notable anticancer properties. Among them, Didemnin B has been extensively researched for its strong antitumor activity and progression to clinical trials. Nonetheless, its clinical application has been impeded by challenges like poor bioavailability and dose-limiting toxicity.

Metabolic-Modulating Effects of Radiation: Undetectable Yet Deadly-A Review on Radiotherapy.

From a cancer-centric perspective, radiotherapy has been primarily viewed as a localised treatment modality, targeting cancer tissues with ionising radiation to induce DNA damage and cell death [...