Automated detection of tonic seizures using wearable movement sensor and artificial neural network.

Although several validated wearable devices are available for detection of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, automated detection of tonic seizures is still a challenge. In this phase 1 study, we report development and validation of an artificial neural network (ANN) model for automated detection of tonic seizures with visible clinical manifestation using a wearable wristband movement sensor (accelerometer and gyroscope). The dataset prospectively recorded for this study included 70 tonic seizures from 15 patients (seven males, age 3-46 years, median = 19 years).

Characterization of gray matter volume changes from one week to 6 months after termination of electroconvulsive therapy in depressed patients.

Background: Increased gray matter volume (GMV) following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been well-documented, with limited studies reporting a subsequent decrease in GMV afterwards.

Objective: This study characterized the reversion pattern of GMV after ECT and its association with clinical depression outcome, using multi-site triple time-point data from the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC).

Methods: 86 subjects from the GEMRIC database were included, and GMV in 84 regions-of-interest (ROI) was obtained from automatic segmentation of T1 MRI images at three timepoints: pre-ECT (T), within one-week post-ECT (T), and one to six months post-ECT (T).

Low-cost portable EEG device for bridging the diagnostic gap in resource-limited areas.

Objective: To develop a low-cost portable EEG system, with real-time automated guidance, for application in resource-limited areas, to bridge the diagnostic and treatment gap.

Methods: We designed, developed, and produced a low-cost system, which records 27-channel EEG plus ECG and streams the signals to an application on a smartphone, which assesses the quality of the signal and gives feedback to the inexperienced user to correct the poor quality signals and reduce artifacts. The application guides the inexperienced user through the steps of recording routine clinical EEG.

Inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in premenopausal women: responses to sudden sensory stimuli predict responses to mental stress.

Muscle sympathetic nerve responses to sudden sensory stimuli have been elucidated in several studies on young healthy men, showing reproducible interindividual differences ranging from varying degrees of inhibition to no significant change, with very few subjects showing significant excitation. These individual response patterns have been shown to predict the neural response to mental stress and coupled blood pressure responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether premenopausal healthy women show similar neural and blood pressure responses.

Which compartments of the optic nerve and its sheath are associated with intracranial pressure? An exploratory study.

Background And Purpose: The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a commonly used estimate of intracranial pressure (ICP). The rationale behind this is that pressure changes in the cerebrospinal fluid affect the optic nerve subarachnoid space (ONSAS) thickness. Still, possible effects on other compartments of the optic nerve sheath (ONS) have not been studied.

Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA) syndrome.

Purpose: To describe four patients with subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA) syndrome and to review its clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG), neuroimaging and diagnostic criteria.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a series of prospectively collected patients who met the previously established criteria for SESA syndrome. Subsequently, we reviewed all cases published in the English language from the initial description to the present.

EEG for good outcome prediction after cardiac arrest: A multicentre cohort study.

Aim: Assess the prognostic ability of a non-highly malignant and reactive EEG to predict good outcome after cardiac arrest (CA).

Methods: Prospective observational multicentre substudy of the "Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Trial", also known as the TTM2-trial. Presence or absence of highly malignant EEG patterns and EEG reactivity to external stimuli were prospectively assessed and reported by the trial sites.

NAPping PAnts (NAPPA): An open wearable solution for monitoring Infant's sleeping rhythms, respiration and posture.

Study Objectives: To develop a non-invasive and practical wearable method for long-term tracking of infants' sleep.

Methods: An infant wearable, NAPping PAnts (NAPPA), was constructed by combining a diaper cover and a movement sensor (triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope), allowing either real-time data streaming to mobile devices or offline feature computation stored in the sensor memory. A sleep state classifier (wake, N1/REM, N2/N3) was trained and tested for NAPPA recordings ( = 16649 epochs of 30 s), using hypnograms from co-registered polysomnography (PSG) as a training target in 33 infants (age 2 weeks to 18 months; Mean = 4).

Development and Progression of Polyneuropathy Over 5 Years in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background And Objectives: There is a need for knowledge regarding the natural course of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), a complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to examine the development of DPN over time.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed T2D, recruited from a national cohort, and controls without diabetes of similar age and sex, underwent sensory phenotyping in 2016-2018.

Capturing the ghost in the machine: a process for development and validation of measures of phenomenal consciousness in delirium.

Background: Delirium has conventionally been considered a disorder of consciousness. Alertness and arousal are used as surrogates in clinical practice but are insufficient for the purposes of a more dimensional assessment of consciousness. We present a process of development and validation of candidate measures of phenomenal consciousness that could be applied to the diagnosis of delirium.

Modulation of the somatosensory blink reflex under fear.

Objective: This study evaluated the isolated and combined effects of fear and PPS paradigms on SBR.

Method: The prospective study was conducted with healthy participants. After stimulation of the right median nerve at the wrist, bilateral recordings were randomized under the following conditions: First experiment (with the right hand on the chair armrest): i.

Cross-Sectional Area and Echogenicity Reference Values for Sonography of Peripheral Nerves in the Lithuanian Population.

Objectives: We aimed to provide data of nerve sizes and echogenicity reference values of the Lithuanian population.

Methods: High-resolution ultrasound was bilaterally performed according to the Ultrasound Pattern Sum Score and Neuropathy ultrasound protocols for healthy Lithuanian adults. Cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement and echogenicity were used as the main parameters for investigation.

Parallel EEG assessment of different sound predictability levels in tinnitus.

Tinnitus denotes the perception of a non-environmental sound and might result from aberrant auditory prediction. Successful prediction of formal (e.g.

Quantitative Characterization of Rhythmic and Periodic EEG Patterns in Patients in a Coma After Cardiac Arrest and Association With Outcome.

Objectives: Rhythmic and periodic patterns (RPPs) on EEG in patients in a coma after cardiac arrest are associated with a poor neurologic outcome. We characterize RPPs using qEEG in relation to outcomes.

Methods: Post hoc analysis was conducted on 172 patients in a coma after cardiac arrest from the TELSTAR trial, all with RPPs.

Electrodiagnostic subtyping in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients in the International Guillain-Barré Outcome Study.

Background And Purpose: Various electrodiagnostic criteria have been developed in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Their performance in a broad representation of GBS patients has not been evaluated. Motor conduction data from the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS) cohort were used to compare two widely used criterion sets and relate these to diagnostic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis criteria.

Validation of the Polish version of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, and the influence of treatment for disordered sleep and daytime sleepiness in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Purpose: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy, with paresthesias and pain in the hand and wrist. CTS is also associated with insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) resulting from the nocturnal exacerbation of symptoms. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) was developed for the assessment of therapeutic outcomes.

Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in children and adolescents: A population-based study.

Purpose: Refractory (RSE) and super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) are serious medical emergencies whose long-term outcomes depend on the timeliness of their management. Population-based clinical and epidemiological data on these conditions are sparse. We aimed to provide a detailed description of the epidemiology and clinical course of RSE and SRSE in children and adolescents and identify potential prognostic biomarkers.

Hemiplegic (unilateral) cerebral palsy in northern Stockholm: Intellectual disability and epilepsy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe intellectual disability and its association with epilepsy and brain imaging, in a population-based group of children with hemiplegic (unilateral) cerebral palsy, previously investigated and published in 2020.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven children of school age in northern Stockholm, fulfilling the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe-criteria of hemiplegic (unilateral spastic) cerebral palsy, were invited to participate in the study. Twenty-one children consented to participate.

Effects of orthognathic surgery on respiratory function during sleep: A prospective longitudinal study.

When treating patients with orthognathic surgery, there might be a risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) due to soft tissue changes in the upper airways, especially in patients treated with isolated mandibular setback or mandibular setback in combination with maxillary advancement. In the present study, we assessed respiratory function during sleep with home cardiorespiratory polygraphy in 62 patients who had not been previously been diagnosed with OSA at three times: prior to orthognathic surgery for aesthetic and functional indications, and then 3 months and 1 year after surgery. We evaluated surgical displacement based on measurements in three dimensions using pre- and post-operative computed tomography.

A recurrent missense variant in ITPR3 causes demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth with variable severity.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a neuromuscular disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. The diagnostic yield in demyelinating CMT (CMT1) is typically ∼80%-95%, of which at least 60% is due to the PMP22 gene duplication. The remainder of CMT1 is more genetically heterogeneous.

Epilepsy as a Novel Phenotype of BPTF-Related Disorders.

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies (NEDDFL) is associated to BPTF gene haploinsufficiency. Epilepsy was not included in the initial descriptions of NEDDFL, but emerging evidence indicates that epileptic seizures occur in some affected individuals. This study aims to investigate the electroclinical epilepsy features in individuals with NEDDFL.