Effect of vagal nerve stimulation on patients with bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: To investigate the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on the seizure frequency in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (bi-TLE). Additionally, we aimed to determine the safety of VNS and its side effects.

Methods: Our retrospective study included 17 patients with bi-TLE who underwent VNS-device implantation at our center from 1997 to 2019.

Gaps in biomedical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities focused research.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the leading causes of young-onset dementia before age 65, typically manifesting as abnormal behavior (in behavioral variant FTD) or language impairment (in primary progressive aphasia). Although FTD affects all populations across the globe, knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and genetics derives primarily from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Globally, biomedical research for FTD is hindered by variable access to diagnosis, discussed in this group's earlier article, and by reduced access to expertise, funding, and infrastructure.

Association of Changes in Cerebral and Hypothalamic Structure With Sleep Dysfunction in Patients With Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Sleep dysfunction is common in patients with neurodegenerative disorders; however, its neural underpinnings remain poorly characterized in genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Hypothalamic nuclei important for sleep regulation may be related to this dysfunction. Thus, we examined changes in hypothalamic structure across the lifespan in patients with genetic FTD and whether these changes related to sleep dysfunction.

Association of Initial Side of Brain Atrophy With Clinical Features and Disease Progression in Patients With Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Pathogenic variants in the gene cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD-) with marked brain asymmetry. This study aims to assess whether the disease progression of FTD- depends on the initial side of the atrophy. We also investigated the potential use of brain asymmetry as a biomarker of the disease.

Determination of Ki-67 indices in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract: the past, the present, and the future.

Ki-67 index (Ki-67i) is integral to the grading of many tumours. There remains considerable variability across pathologists in methods used to determine Ki-67i and in their results. Manual counting (or "eyeballing") is widely used, but digital pathology tools such as web-based image analysis and artificial intelligence-assisted cell detection software have become available in daily pathology practice.

The impact of ROI extraction method for MEG connectivity estimation: practical recommendations for the study of resting state data.

Magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography (M/EEG) seed-based connectivity analysis requires the extraction of measures from regions of interest (ROI). M/EEG ROI-derived source activity can be treated in different ways. It is possible, for instance, to average each ROI's time series prior to calculating connectivity measures.

Reproducibility of 3D chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrasts in the healthy brain at 3T.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging may provide novel contrast for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the progression or treatment of neurological applications. However, the reproducibility of prominent CEST contrasts like amide CEST and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) CEST must be characterized in healthy brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (GM) prior to clinical implementation. The objective of this study was to characterize the reproducibility of four different CEST contrasts in the healthy human brain.

The relationship between micronutrients and cognitive ability in an elderly population with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are significant neurodegenerative disorders with increasing prevalence worldwide. Lifestyle and dietary factors, including micronutrients, have been suggested as modifiable risk factors for disease development. This study aims to investigate the association between micronutrients and cognitive ability in these diseases.

New insights into the use of high dose corticosteroids and plasmapheresis in persons with MOGAD and NMOSD.

Background: Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) are antibody mediated diseases characterized by neurological symptoms including recurrent relapses of optic neuritis and/or myelitis, as well as other less frequent syndromes. The current treatment for acute attacks of NMOSD/MOGAD are based on clinical studies for other demyelinating diseases(i.e.

Frontoparietal network integrity supports cognitive function in pre-symptomatic frontotemporal dementia: Multimodal analysis of brain function, structure, and perfusion.

Introduction: Genetic mutation carriers of frontotemporal dementia can remain cognitively well despite neurodegeneration. A better understanding of brain structural, perfusion, and functional patterns in the pre-symptomatic stage could inform accurate staging and potential mechanisms.

Methods: We included 207 pre-symptomatic genetic mutation carriers and 188 relatives without mutations.

Axon guidance genes are regulated by TDP-43 and RGNEF through long-intron removal.

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RGNEF) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) mainly involved in regulating the activity of Rho-family GTPases. It is a bi-functional protein, acting both as a guanine exchange factor and as an RNA-binding protein. RGNEF is known to act as a destabilizing factor of neurofilament light chain RNA (NEFL) and it could potentially contribute to their sequestration in nuclear cytoplasmic inclusions.

Frequency and Longitudinal Course of Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Participants With Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequent in patients with genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We aimed to describe behavioral and neuropsychiatric phenotypes in genetic FTD, quantify their temporal association, and investigate their regional association with brain atrophy.

Methods: We analyzed data of pathogenic variant carriers in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (), progranulin (), or microtubule-associated protein tau () gene from the Genetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative cohort study that enrolls both symptomatic pathogenic variant carriers and first-degree relatives of known carriers.

Phase Separation of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein with TDP-43 Is Dependent on C-Terminus Domains.

The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is critical in viral replication by undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation to seed the formation of a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex to drive viral genomic RNA (gRNA) translation and in suppressing both stress granules and processing bodies, which is postulated to increase uncoated gRNA availability. The N protein can also form biomolecular condensates with a broad range of host endogenous proteins including RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Amongst these RBPs are proteins that are associated with pathological, neuronal, and glial cytoplasmic inclusions across several adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders, including TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) which forms pathological inclusions in over 95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases.