Oral treatment options for patients with urinary tract infections caused by extended spectrum βeta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Introduction: Frequent use of different antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) exerts a variety of selective pressure on pathogens which ultimately lead to the antimicrobial resistance. Extended Spectrum βeta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriacae causing UTIs, which are usually multidrug resistant organisms, pose a great therapeutic treatment challenge. Rediscovery of forgotten antibiotics such as pivmecillinam, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin may be helpful in this situation until the discovery of new agents.