1,298 results match your criteria: "Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology[Affiliation]"

Tuberculosis (TB) is a grave public health concern and is considered the foremost contributor to human mortality resulting from infectious disease. Due to the stringent clonality and extremely restricted genomic diversity, conventional methods prove inefficient for in-depth exploration of minor genomic variations and the evolutionary dynamics operating in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) populations.

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People with osteoarthritis have a higher component of neuropathic pain as compared to those with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study.

Rheumatol Int

October 2024

Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.

Neuropathic pain may be present in a proportion of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its presence may lead to the requirement of altered management approaches in these conditions. This study investigated the prevalence of neuropathic pain in OA as compared to that in RA.

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Reevaluating Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis: Biopsy with Necrosis in Mycobacterial Endemic Areas.

J Assoc Physicians India

July 2024

Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, Corresponding Author.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease with a variable presentation. The most characteristic feature of sarcoidosis is nonnecrotizing granulomas. However, when sarcoidosis presents with rare organ involvement, and biopsy shows necrosis, the diagnosis becomes challenging.

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Background: Sleep disturbance is commonly seen in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS); however, high quality studies involving manual therapies that target FMS-linked poor sleep quality are lacking for the Indian population.

Objective: Craniosacral therapy (CST), Bowen therapy and exercises have been found to influence the autonomic nervous system, which plays a crucial role in sleep physiology. Given the paucity of evidence concerning these effects in individuals with FMS, our study tests the effectiveness of CST, Bowen therapy and a standard exercise program against static touch (the manual placebo group) on sleep quality in FMS.

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Introduction: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been the biggest threat to humankind during the last 3 years. It has caused the loss of more than 6.9 million precious lives across the world.

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Background: Unilateral presentation of sacroiliitis is a diagnostic dilemma, especially between infection and inflammatory sacroiliitis associated with spondyloarthritis, requiring an early and accurate diagnosis.

Objective: To assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating infective versus inflammatory etiology in unilateral sacroiliitis.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of the MRI of 90 patients with unilateral sacroiliitis, having an established final diagnosis.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study examines digital ischemia, specifically digital infarcts and gangrene, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) within the Indian SLE inception cohort (INSPIRE).
  • Out of 2503 patients, 75 (2.9%) exhibited critical peripheral ischemia (CPI), predominantly affecting women, with many cases leading to amputations.
  • Key associations with CPI include pulmonary hypertension and antiphospholipid antibody positivity, while specific types of lupus nephritis appear to reduce risk; the short-term mortality rates were similar between those with CPI and controls.
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Introduction: In the realm of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, understanding JAK inhibitors (JAKi) nuances is vital. Baricitinib, tofacitinib, upaacitinib, filgotinib, and peficitinib exhibit subtle yet impactful pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) variations.

Areas Covered: This narrative review critically assesses PK and PD distinctions among globally approved JAKi for rheumatoid arthritis, which primarily guide clinical decisions in autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis.

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Editorial: Innate immunity in vasculitis.

Front Immunol

June 2024

British Columbia (BC) Children's Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Blood Research, and Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

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Prevalence and target attainment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study including 3401 individuals from 24 countries.

Lancet Rheumatol

July 2024

Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, prompting a study to evaluate traditional cardiovascular risk factors in SLE patients worldwide between 2015 and 2020.
  • The study included 3,401 SLE patients from 24 countries, predominantly women, revealing high rates of hypertension (35.6%), obesity (23.7%), and hyperlipidaemia (19.8%), with poor control of these risk factors across the board.
  • Notably, patients with antiphospholipid syndrome had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risks but showed better control of blood pressure and lipid levels compared to those without, highlighting international discrepancies in risk factor management.
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Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease affecting the aorta and its branches. Paediatric TA (pTA) may present from 6 months after birth till the adolescent age group. Genetics and pathogenesis of pTA are not fully understood.

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Objectives: Determine domain-based-outcomes and steroid-sparing efficacy of generic tofacitinib in IIM.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study wherein clinical phenotype, autoantibody profile, prior immunosuppressives, and outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months were retrieved for IIM patients prescribed tofacitinib. Overall clinical response was assessed as complete or partial remission as per physician judgment.

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Cumulative evidence has established that Interferon (IFN)-γ has both pathogenic and protective roles in Multiple Sclerosis and the animal model, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanisms to the beneficial effects of IFN-γ are not well understood. In this study, we found that IFN-γ exerts therapeutic effects on chronic, relapsing-remitting, and chronic progressive EAE models.

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Objectives: To find out if Rituximab (RTX) is effective in "treatment naive" idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and whether there could be differential treatment responses between the "treatment naive" and treatment "refractory" IIM.

Methods: Data obtained from a prospectively maintained database comprising patients with IIM treated with rituximab. Patient details were obtained at baseline, 3-months, 6-months intervals, and subsequent follow up visits.

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Article Synopsis
  • The article aims to update evidence on the effectiveness and safety of DMARDs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to inform the 2024 guidelines by the Japan College of Rheumatology.
  • A thorough search included randomized controlled trials published until June 2022, with independent reviews and meta-analyses conducted on 15 clinical questions related to RA treatment.
  • Key findings indicate that subcutaneous methotrexate is as effective as oral, ozoralizumab with methotrexate is more effective than a placebo, and biosimilars are equally effective as their original counterparts in treating RA.
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Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a very severe manifestation of lupus. There is no consensus on which treatment goals should be achieved to protect kidney function in children with LN.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed trends of commonly used laboratory biomarkers of 428 patients (≤ 18 years old) with biopsy-proven LN class ≥ III.

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Article Synopsis
  • Intelligence refers to human learning from experience, while artificial intelligence (AI) aims to replicate this capability in computers, with machine learning focusing on data comprehension and deep learning extending it to images and videos through neural networks.* -
  • In the field of Rheumatology, AI has the potential to significantly enhance healthcare, aiding in clinical diagnoses, analyzing medical images, predicting disease flares, and identifying novel disease markers through extensive patient data analysis.* -
  • Despite the promising advancements, the integration of AI into medical practices raises ethical concerns regarding misuse, but its eventual widespread adoption in Rheumatology seems inevitable and holds great promise.*
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Objective: To explore the registration of enthesitis among biologic-naïve patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) initiating tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment across 12 European registries, compare the disease burden and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between patients with and without enthesitis, and assess the enthesitis treatment response.

Method: Demographics, clinical characteristics, and PROs at first TNFi (TNFi-1) initiation (baseline) were assessed in patients with PsA, diagnosed by a rheumatologist, with versus without assessment of entheses and between those with versus without enthesitis. Enthesitis scores and resolution frequency were identified at follow-up.

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Introduction: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a distinct disease subset, with a poorer prognosis compared with other JIA subsets. Tocilizumab has an important role in the management of sJIA refractory to standard initial therapy. However, no specific guidelines exist for the tapering of tocilizumab therapy in sJIA, which could have implications on the overall cost and side effects of treatment.

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Hepatic involvement in sarcoidosis, though common, is usually asymptomatic. Hepatomegaly and deranged liver function tests are the usual manifestations. However, unexplained hepatomegaly in sarcoidosis not responding to immunosuppressive therapy could indicate an alternative pathology.

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Characteristics of emerging new autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination: A sub-study by the COVAD group.

Int J Rheum Dis

May 2024

Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • A study investigated rare cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) reported after COVID-19 vaccinations by surveying individuals with new-onset SAIDs post-vaccination using a validated e-survey dataset.* -
  • Of 16,750 participants, 74 reported new-onset SAIDs, mostly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, arthritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica; higher incidences were found among Caucasians and Moderna vaccine recipients.* -
  • The research concluded that while the occurrence of new-onset SAIDs post-vaccination is low, certain risk factors like pre-existing autoimmune diseases, mental health issues, and ethnicity were linked to these cases.*
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Objectives: To describe the characteristics of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and to assess treatment response.

Methods: All patients of pSS from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively identified. Lung function tests, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings, and treatment outcomes were analysed.

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Introduction: Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) is an uncommon presentation in Behçet's disease (BD) with severe course and worse prognosis. Both vascular and NBD presentation without the classical triad of BD in a single patient is rarely reported.

Case Presentation: Here a 48-year-old male had an extensive aortic aneurysm eroding vertebra for which he was diagnosed as vascular BD.

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