Severe hypercalcemia secondary to parathyroid adenoma: Series of four consecutive cases at a tertiary care hospital in Qatar.

Introduction: In most cases of parathyroid adenoma (PA), it is not palpable and physical examination shows no remarkable findings. Hence diagnosis requires an index of suspicion. The current paper describes four cases of severe hypercalcemia secondary to PA.

Analysis of Line and Tube Detection Performance of a Chest X-ray Deep Learning Model to Evaluate Hidden Stratification.

This retrospective case-control study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a commercially available chest radiography deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) in identifying the presence and position of central venous catheters, enteric tubes, and endotracheal tubes, in addition to a subgroup analysis of different types of lines/tubes. A held-out test dataset of 2568 studies was sourced from community radiology clinics and hospitals in Australia and the USA, and was then ground-truth labelled for the presence, position, and type of line or tube from the consensus of a thoracic specialist radiologist and an intensive care clinician. DCNN model performance for identifying and assessing the positioning of central venous catheters, enteric tubes, and endotracheal tubes over the entire dataset, as well as within each subgroup, was evaluated.

Deep learning model for predicting the presence of stromal invasion of breast cancer on digital breast tomosynthesis.

To develop a deep learning (DL)-based algorithm to predict the presence of stromal invasion in breast cancer using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Our institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent from the patients. Initially, 499 patients (mean age 50.

Comparison between ultrasound and chest X-ray to confirm central venous catheter tip position.

Background: Mechanical central venous catheter (CVC) placement complications are mostly malposition or iatrogenic pneumothorax. Verification of catheter position by chest X-ray (CXR) is usually performed postoperatively.

Objectives: This prospective observational study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of peri-operative ultrasound and a 'bubble test' to detect malposition and pneumothorax.

Efficacy of fusion imaging for immediate post-ablation assessment of malignant liver neoplasms: A systematic review.

Background: Percutaneous thermal ablation has become the preferred therapeutic treatment option for liver cancers that cannot be resected. Since ablative zone tissue changes over time, it becomes challenging to determine therapy effectiveness over an extended period. Thus, an immediate post-procedural evaluation of the ablation zone is crucial, as it could influence the need for a second-look treatment or follow-up plan.

Breast Density Should Play a Greater Role in MRI Screening Guidelines.

Guidelines for breast cancer screening with MRI were first proposed in 2007, only a few years after its clinical introduction. Those initial guidelines, which were generated by a committee sponsored by the American Cancer Society (ACS), have served as the template for similar recommendations by several organizations, with a singular goal regarding patient candidacy for MRI screening, a qualifying threshold based on risk stratification. Higher risk in those patients recommended for MRI screening translates to higher cancer detection rates, which in turn impacts cost-effectiveness.

[Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Neck Fixation Device for Improving Image Quality in Diffusion-weighted Whole-body Imaging with Background Suppression].

The effectiveness of a neck fixation device to improve the image quality of DWIBS was investigated. Healthy volunteers were examined while chewing with and without a neck fixation device using a 3-T MRI system. Distance of mandibular movement was measured using true-fast imaging of steady-state precession (true FISP).

Rare CIDEC coding variants enriched in age-related macular degeneration patients with small low-luminance deficit cause lipid droplet and fat storage defects.

Background: The basis of Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) genetic risk has been well documented; however, few studies have looked at genetic biomarkers of disease progression or treatment response within advanced AMD patients. Here we report the first genome-wide analysis of genetic determinants of low-luminance vision deficit (LLD), which is seen as predictive of visual acuity loss and anti-VEGF treatment response in neovascular AMD patients.

Methods: AMD patients were separated into small- and large-LLD groups for comparison and whole genome sequencing was performed.

Right thyroid lobe agenesis and left thyroid colloid benign nodule discovered incidentally in female with breast carcinoma receiving chemotherapy for multiple metastases: Case report and review of the literature.

Introduction And Importance: Thyroid hemiagenesis (THA) is the failure of embryologic development of a lobe of the thyroid gland and is a rare anomaly of uncertain incidence. The left lobe is more commonly absent than the right lobe. It is discovered incidentally during investigations.

Endogenous endophthalmitis due to secondary to late-onset empyema Post-Cardiac surgery in an End-Stage renal disease patient on peritoneal dialysis.

Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis results from bacterial seeding of the eye during bacteremia. A diagnosis of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis requires clinical findings such as vitritis or hypopyon along with positive blood cultures. is the second most common pathogen causing hospital-acquired ocular infections.

Machine Learning Augmented Interpretation of Chest X-rays: A Systematic Review.

Limitations of the chest X-ray (CXR) have resulted in attempts to create machine learning systems to assist clinicians and improve interpretation accuracy. An understanding of the capabilities and limitations of modern machine learning systems is necessary for clinicians as these tools begin to permeate practice. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of machine learning applications designed to facilitate CXR interpretation.

The Impact of Prior Mammograms on the Diagnostic Performance of Radiologists in Early Breast Cancer Detection: A Focus on Breast Density, Lesion Features and Vendors Using Wholly Digital Screening Cases.

Background: This study aims to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of radiologists when reading screening mammograms in the absence of previous images, and with the presence of prior images from the same and different vendors.

Methods: 612 radiologists' readings across 9 test sets, consisting of 540 screening mammograms (361-normal and 179-cancer) with 245 cases having prior images obtained from same vendor as current images, 129 from a different vendor and 166 cases having no prior images, were retrospectively analysed. True positive (sensitivity), true negative (specificity) and area under ROC curve (AUC) values of radiologists were calculated for three groups of cases (without prior images (NP), with prior images from same vendor (SP), and with prior images from different vendor (DP)).

Incidental F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Avid Cardiac Mass on Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in a Patient with Head-and-Neck Carcinoma: Metastasis or Something Else?

High F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake in a cardiac mass is considered to be a marker of malignancy, but that is not always true. We here present such a case of incidentally detected F-FDG cardiac mass on staging positron emission tomography-computed tomography in a woman with head-and-neck cancer, confirmed to be myxoma on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent histopathology.

Machine learning approach to stratify complex heterogeneity of chronic heart failure: A report from the CHART-2 study.

Aims: Current approaches to classify chronic heart failure (HF) subpopulations may be limited due to the diversity of pathophysiology and co-morbidities in chronic HF. We aimed to elucidate the clusters of chronic patients with HF by data-driven approaches with machine learning in a hospital-based registry.

Methods And Results: A total of 4649 patients with a broad spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the CHART-2 (Chronic Heart Failure Analysis and Registry in the Tohoku District-2) study were enrolled to this study.

Radiology blues: Comparing occupational blue-light exposure to recommended safety standards.

Background: The blue-light hazard is a well-documented entity addressing the detrimental health effects of high-energy visible light photons in the range of 305 nm - 450 nm. Radiologists spend long hours in front of multiple light-emitting diode (LED)-based diagnostic monitors emitting blue light, predisposing them to potentially higher blue-light dosages than other health professionals.

Objectives: The authors aimed to quantify the blue light that radiology registrars are exposed to in daily viewing of diagnostic monitors and compared this with international occupational safety standards.

Diagnostic accuracy of a decision-support software for the detection of intracranial large-vessel occlusion in CT angiography.

Aim: To investigate the real-world clinical performance of the decision-support software "e-CTA" (e-Stroke Suite, Brainomix Limited, Oxford UK) for the detection of acute intracranial large-vessel occlusion (LVO) on computed tomography (CT) angiography at a UK district general hospital.

Materials And Methods: The retrospective study included 300 consecutive CT angiograms of the head and neck performed between 8 March 2021 and 20 May 2021. e-CTA findings were recorded and compared with the radiologist report.

Kinetics of Covid-19 antibodies in terms of titre and duration among healthcare workers: A longitudinal study.

Background Most individuals with Covid-19 infection develop antibodies specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the dynamics of these antibodies is variable and not well-studied. We aimed to determine the titres of naturally acquired antibodies over a 12-week follow-up.

Disseminated tuberculosis masquerading as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in initial presentation: A case report with literature review.

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is a painful ophthalmoplegia due to non-specific granulomatous inflammation in the cavernous sinus region. It is diagnosed by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-3 criteria. We report the case of a young lady who presented with a right-sided headache for 2 weeks, followed by right-sided diplopia for 4 days.

Testicular choriocarcinoma with small bowel metastasis and active gastrointestinal bleeding.

Testicular choriocarcinomas make up less than 1% of all germ-cell tumors and are highly malignant, attributable to hematogenous spread. While the most common sites of metastasis are the lungs and liver, metastatic spread to the gastrointestinal tract is rare wherein patients may present with GI distress or even an upper GI bleed. In this report, we present a case of known testicular choriocarcinoma in a 40-year-old male who presented to the emergency room with severe anemia and a suspected upper GI bleed.

Automated volume measurement of abdominal adipose tissue from entire abdominal cavity in Dixon MR images using deep learning.

The purpose of this study was to realize an automated volume measurement of abdominal adipose tissue from the entire abdominal cavity in Dixon magnetic resonance (MR) images using deep learning. Our algorithm involves a combination of extraction of the abdominal cavity and body trunk regions using deep learning and extraction of a fat region based on automatic thresholding. To evaluate the proposed method, we calculated the Dice coefficient (DC) between the extracted regions using deep learning and labeled images.

Deep learning model for breast cancer diagnosis based on bilateral asymmetrical detection (BilAD) in digital breast tomosynthesis images.

The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning model to diagnose breast cancer by embedding a diagnostic algorithm that examines the asymmetry of bilateral breast tissue. This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. A total of 115 patients who underwent breast surgery and had pathologically confirmed breast cancer were enrolled in this study.