Effect of contrast media on CT bone density assessment: comparative analysis of low-dose chest CT and abdominopelvic CT.

Detecting individuals with low bone mineral density (BMD) before clinical fractures occur may help improve the outcomes of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Although computed tomography (CT) is useful for opportunistic BMD measurement, the modality most suitable for opportunistic screening remains unclear. In this retrospective study, we compared the diagnostic performance of low-dose chest CT (LDCT) and contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT (APCT) for measuring BMD at L1 level using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as a reference in individuals who underwent LDCT, APCT, and DEXA assessments on the same day.

Post-hoc analysis of the CARES trial suggests delayed progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with gout during urate-lowering therapy.

Based on the hypothesis that hyperuricemia is a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, there is an expectation that urate-lowering therapy (ULT) could delay the progression of CKD. Here, we investigated changes in kidney function and the association of the serum uric acid (sUA) level and kidney function during ULT in patients with gout. To do this we conducted post-hoc analysis on patients who received ULT with either febuxostat or allopurinol for more than six months in the CARES trial.

Which personal and social resources help adolescents to recover from negative affect in daily life? An experience sampling study.

Reducing anxiety and depression in adolescents is a global health priority. Personal and social resources (e.g.

Predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: nomograms based on deep learning analysis of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop nomograms for predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), using deep learning analysis of Gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary (HBP) MRI.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and hepatectomy for HCC between 2016 and 2020 at two referral centers. Using a deep learning algorithm, volumes and signal intensities of whole non-tumor liver, expected remnant liver, and spleen were measured on HBP images.

A Multicenter Study on Hepatocellular Adenomas in Korea: Clinicopathological and Imaging Features With an Emphasis on β-Catenin Mutated Subtype.

Background & Aims: The clinicopathologic and imaging features of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) in Asian population remain unclear. We aimed to analyse clinicopathologic and imaging features of HCAs in Korea and propose an imaging-based method to differentiate β-catenin mutated HCA (βHCA) from other subtypes.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included pathologically confirmed HCAs from three tertiary institutions in Korea between 2010 and 2023.

Performance of high-resolution diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting clinically occult early breast cancers: a multi-reader study.

Purpose: To compare mammography, breast ultrasound (US), high-resolution diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI (DCE-MRI), and their combinations for detecting clinically occult early breast cancers (EBCs), including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Methods: Three hundred and three consecutive women with screening imaging-detected early breast cancers (60 pure DCIS, 36 DCIS with microinvasion, and 207 invasive carcinoma less than 20 mm) who underwent breast MRI at 3 T including DW-MRI (b-values of 0, 800 and 1200 s/mm; in-plane resolution, 1.1 × 1.

Prediction of menstrual recovery patterns in premenopausal women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen after chemotherapy: an ASTRRA Substudy.

Background: Chemo-endocrine therapy can lead to various side effects associated with ovarian dysfunction. Predicting menstrual recovery is necessary to discuss the treatment-related issues regarding fertility and premature menopause with patients.

Methods: In the ASTRRA trial, patients who resumed ovarian function within 2 years after chemotherapy were randomized to receive tamoxifen for 5 years or OFS with tamoxifen for 2 years.

Impact of postpartum physical activity on maternal depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine the influence of postpartum exercise on maternal depression and anxiety.

Design: Systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Data Sources: Online databases up to 12 January 2024, reference lists, recommended studies and hand searches.

Two-stage surgical intervention for a rare case of intersected nasoethmoidal encephalocele and open-lip schizencephaly in an infant: illustrative case.

Background: Schizencephaly and encephaloceles are rare developmental birth defects, with the former involving abnormal clefts in the cerebral hemispheres connected to the ventricular system and the latter involving a neural tube defect characterized by the protrusion of brain tissue through an abnormal skull opening. These conditions are individually uncommon, and their simultaneous occurrence in a single patient is exceedingly unusual.

Observations: This case report explores the intersection of these two rare congenital malformations in a 2-month-old female patient from an indigenous community in a rural area of Colombia.

Prospective Longitudinal Analysis of Physiologic MRI-based Tumor Habitat Predicts Short-term Patient Outcomes in IDH-wildtype Glioblastoma.

Background: This study validates MRI-based tumor habitats in predicting time-to-progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and progression site in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma patients.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients were prospectively enrolled between January 2020 and June 2022. MRI, including diffusion-weighted and dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging, were obtained immediately post-operation and at three serial timepoints.

Cost-utility analysis of home blood pressure measurement for screening and diagnosis of hypertension through village health volunteer mechanism in Thailand.

This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of blood pressure (BP) screening strategies, including 1) home blood pressure measurement (HBPM), (2) serial screening by CBPM followed by HBPM among individuals with high BP i.e., clinic BP ≥140/90 mmHg (Serial1), (3) serial screening by CBPM followed by HBPM among individuals without high BP i.

Population-based overall and net survival of childhood leukemia at 1-, 5-, and 10-years of follow-up in three regions of Colombia.

Background: Childhood leukemia (CL) is the most common type of childhood cancer worldwide and in Colombia. Thanks to therapeutic innovations and improved access, the survival of children and adolescents with leukemia has increased considerably worldwide, especially in high-income countries. In Colombia, a middle-income country, survival has also been observed to increase in big cities.

Efficacy of 100% autologous platelet-rich plasma and 100% autologous serum in dry eye disease: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: The 0bjective is to compare treatment effects between undiluted autologous platelet-rich plasma (APRP) and autologous serum (AS) in patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye disease (DED).

Methods And Analysis: A single-centre, randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted. 96 adult DED patients with an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Score of ≥23 and/or Oxford staining grade of ≥2 were randomised to receive either 100% APRP (n=48) or 100% AS (n=48) for 4 weeks.

Impact of postpartum physical activity on cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury and infant growth and development: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine the relationship between postpartum physical activity and maternal postnatal cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury, and infant growth and development.

Design: Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Data Sources: Eight online databases were searched up until 12 January 2024.