Five-Year Outcomes of a School-Based Personality-Focused Prevention Program on Adolescent Substance Use Disorder: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Objective: Rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) remain significantly above national targets for health promotion and disease prevention in Canada and the United States. This study investigated the 5-year SUD outcomes following a selective drug and alcohol prevention program targeting personality risk factors for adolescent substance misuse.

Methods: The Co-Venture trial is a cluster randomized trial involving 31 high schools in the greater Montreal area that agreed to conduct annual health behavior surveys for 5 years on the entire 7th grade cohort of assenting students enrolled at the school in 2012 or 2013.

Community Implementation and Evaluation of the Chicago Parent Program.

The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the implementation of the Chicago Parent Program (CPP) in a community setting. Included are details of the co-designed implementation by academic and community partners, and parenting and child behavior outcomes. Two hundred eighty caregivers of children aged 2-5 years participated in the CPP in seven community sites.

Caregiver acceptability of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in two districts in the Upper West region, Ghana: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Acceptability of malaria chemoprevention interventions by caregivers is crucial for overall programme success. This study assessed coverage and acceptability of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) in selected communities in the Northern part of Ghana.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional design was conducted from "July 23rd to August 4th, 2020-a 12-day period that covered 5 days of the first SMC implementation cycle and 7 days post-implementation.

An introduction to MyBFF@school, a school-based childhood obesity intervention program: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Obesity trend among Malaysian children is on the rise. Noting that the tendency for them to grow into obese adults and the relationship of obesity to many non-communicable diseases, the My Body is Fit and Fabulous at School (MyBFF@school program) was designed to combat obesity among the schoolchildren. The program was piloted in 2014 in Putrajaya, Malaysia.

Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding self-efficacy in newborns: a birth cohort study.

Background: The impact of ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) on breastfeeding outcomes may be overestimated and surgical treatment in newborns remains a controversial topic. The aim of the present study was to assess and quantify the impact of ankyloglossia in newborns on breastfeeding self-efficacy at 14 days of life.

Methods: A birth cohort study was conducted involving mothers and newborns soon after childbirth at a public hospital in the city of Canoas, southern Brazil.

Assessing the impact of mindfulness programs on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder which poses challenges for the individuals with the disorder and their families. While stimulant medications are effective, a comprehensive approach, including psychosocial and behavioral interventions, is recommended. There is a growing body of research exploring the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions for children with ADHD.

Assessment of using transfer learning with different classifiers in hypodontia diagnosis.

Background: Hypodontia is the absence of one or more teeth in the primary or permanent dentition during development, and radiographic imaging is the most common method of diagnosis. However, in recent years, artificial intelligence-based decision support systems have been employed to make highly accurate diagnoses. The aim of this study was to classify single premolar agenesis, multiple premolar agenesis, and without tooth agenesis using various artificial intelligence approaches.

The association of perceived health status and presence of chronic conditions with physical activity in childhood cancer survivors.

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk for therapy-related late effects. Physical activity (PA) can minimize some late effects risk, but rates of PA are low in CCS. We aimed to determine how perception of survivor health status and presence of chronic conditions are associated with patient- or proxy-reported PA.

ROAR-CAT: Rapid Online Assessment of Reading ability with Computerized Adaptive Testing.

The Rapid Online Assessment of Reading (ROAR) is a web-based lexical decision task that measures single-word reading abilities in children and adults without a proctor. Here we study whether item response theory (IRT) and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) can be used to create a more efficient online measure of word recognition. To construct an item bank, we first analyzed data taken from four groups of students (N = 1960) who differed in age, socioeconomic status, and language-based learning disabilities.

Experiences of healthcare professionals returning to work post breast cancer diagnosis in China: A descriptive qualitative study.

Breast cancer survivors face employment challenges. How to promote BC's return to work is important for improving their quality of life and promoting recovery. Numerous studies have reported that BC survivors encounter employment challenges due to cognitive limitations, alongside factors.

Influenza vaccination hesitancy and related factors among pregnant and breastfeeding women: A cross-sectional study.

Achieving safe influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant and breastfeeding women is a global health goal due to the potential risks of serious influenza for both mother and child. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant barrier to vaccination uptake. Since anxiety represents a determinant in vaccine decision-making, this study aimed to assess influenza vaccination hesitancy and anxiety levels in this population and to explore the association between women's characteristics, their reluctance, and anxiety levels.

Relationships between Patient-Reported Outcomes and Predictors of Second ACL Injuries during Unanticipated Jump Landings.

Reactive and external visual-cognitive demands are prevalent in sport and likely contribute to ACL injury scenarios. However, these demands are absent in common return-to-sport assessments. This disconnect leaves a blind spot for determining when an athlete can return to sport with mitigated re-injury risk.

Anxiety depression levels, anxiety sensitivity, and quality of life in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria: A cross-sectional study.

Existing literature offers some insights into the prevalence of anxiety and depression in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). However, the literature on anxiety sensitivity (AS) and quality of life (QoL) in these children remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate psychiatric diagnoses, anxiety and depression levels, AS, and QoL in children with CSU compared to healthy controls.

Rhythmic Exercises Before Basketball Training: A Study on Motor Skills, Static Balance, and Reaction Speed in School-Aged Children.

Racil, G, Padulo, J, Trabelsi, Y, Frizziero, A, Russo, L, and Migliaccio, GM. Rhythmic exercises before basketball training: A study on motor skills, static balance, and reaction speed in school-aged children. J Strength Cond Res 38(12): e761-e768, 2024-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combining rhythmic exercises with basketball training on the improvement of basic motor and physical skills in children.

Impact of communication anxiety on L2 WTC of middle school students: Mediating effects of growth language mindset and language learning motivation.

Previous research has shown a connection between communication anxiety and willingness to communicate (WTC) among English as a foreign/second language (L2) learners. Nonetheless, the potential mediating roles of learners' beliefs like growth language mindset and language learning motivation have not been thoroughly investigated, particularly in the context of middle school language learners. This study aimed to explore the relationship between communication anxiety and L2 WTC by considering the mediating roles of growth language mindset and language learning motivation.

Sleep Disturbance and Postconcussive Symptoms in Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Orthopedic Injury.

Objective: Sleep disturbance (SD) is common after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and may predict increased postconcussive symptoms (PCS) and prolonged recovery. Our objective was to investigate the relation of SD with PCS in children with mTBI and those with orthopedic injury (OI).

Setting: Emergency departments (EDs) at 2 children's hospitals in the Midwestern United States.

Correlates of Impaired Timing Abilities in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.

This review aimed at summarizing the literature evidence on clinical, cognitive, and neurobiological correlates of impaired timing abilities in schizophrenia (SCZ). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycInfo by looking at correlates between timing abilities and either symptom severity, cognition, and neurobiological data (imaging and electroencephalography) in individuals with SCZ, without restrictions on study design. A total of 45 articles were selected: associations were identified between impaired timing performance and positive, negative, and disorganization symptoms, as well as with executive functioning, working memory, and attention.

Network Analysis of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Arab Gifted Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The current paper aimed to estimate the network structure of general psychopathology (internalizing and externalizing symptoms/disorders) among 239 gifted children in Jordan. This cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method was conducted between September 2023 and October 2024 among gifted children aged 7-12. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was employed to assess six symptom clusters: conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant problems as externalizing symptoms, and affective problems, anxiety issues, and somatic complaints as internalizing symptoms.

Perishable material choice indicates symbolic and representational capacities.

The absence of symbolic material cultural objects in the archaeological record does not prove absence of symbolic cognition. Sometimes perishable materials are selected for symbolic roles, for practical concerns or to indicate a temporary condition. Also some symbolic functions may predate the use of durable materials.

Lateralization of Neural Speech Discrimination at Birth Is a Predictor for Later Language Development.

Newborns are able to neurally discriminate between speech and nonspeech right after birth. To date it remains unknown whether this early speech discrimination and the underlying neural language network is associated with later language development. Preterm-born children are an interesting cohort to investigate this relationship, as previous studies have shown that preterm-born neonates exhibit alterations of speech processing and have a greater risk of later language deficits.

Parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the prevention and treatment of dust mite allergy: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang (China).

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning the prevention and treatment of dust mite allergy in children.

Design: This cross-sectional study survey was conducted from September to December 2022 at Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated with China Medical University.

Participants: A total of 503 parents of children with dust mite allergies participated, with 253 parents having children undergoing desensitisation treatment and 250 parents whose children did not.

Mental health interventions for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa have heightened risk for mental health and psychosocial burden owing to their exposure to a multiplicity of adverse conditions such as stigma and discrimination. However, there is no comprehensive evidence synthesis and evaluation of the effectiveness of mental health interventions for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in this region. We aim to conduct a systematic review to synthesise the literature on existing mental health interventions for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.

Transition to home after very preterm birth: improving outcomes of children and their families-a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Medical progress has significantly improved the survival rates of very preterm-born infants in recent decades. Nevertheless, these infants are still at increased risk for long-term impairments as compared with term-born infants. While the homecoming of a preterm-born infant is long-awaited and brings relief to families, it also marks the end of intensive monitoring and highly specialised professional care.