Physiological responses of euryhaline marine fish to naturally-occurring hypersalinity.

Hypersaline habitats are generally defined as those with salinities in excess of 40 ppt. Well-known hypersaline regions (e.g.

Multiplet XPS analysis of the Mn 2for MnOthin films.

In this work, we performed a detailed analysis of the x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) of the Mn 2peak for MnO(001) thin films. This is a challenging task since MnOis composed of two different cations, Mnat tetrahedral and Mnat octahedral sites, which both contribute to the XPS spectra. The oxide spectra consist of many multiplets arising from the angular momentum coupling of the open Mn 2and 3shells, thus increasing the spectrums' complexity.

Soft robots and soft bodies: biological insights into the structure and function of fluidic soft robots.

Over the last two decades, robotics engineering has witnessed rapid growth in the exploration and development of soft robots. Soft robots are made of deformable materials with mechanical properties or other features that resemble biological structures. These robots are often inspired by living organisms or mimic their locomotion, such as crawling and swimming.

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Spotted Lanternfly () Eggs Using Headspace Odor Sampling Methods.

The spotted lanternfly (SLF) is an invasive species native to China. It was first discovered in the United States in Pennsylvania in 2014. It is known to cause great economic damage by destroying various crops, specifically grape vines, and therefore, several efforts have been made to control and mitigate its spread from the Northeast.

Contemporary Update on Clinical and Experimental Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: A Multi-Omics-Focused Approach to Detection and Risk Stratification.

Prostate cancer remains a significant health challenge, being the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer in men worldwide. This review discusses the critical advancements in biomarker discovery using single-omics and multi-omics approaches. Multi-omics, integrating genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenomic data, offers a comprehensive understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of prostate cancer, leading to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Desorption efficiency and holding capacity of acid-treated filters for nicotine sampling in vape shops.

Efficient sampling materials are essential for assessing nicotine levels in vape shops and other settings where nicotine exposures may exist. Two different treatments of Whatman glass fiber type A (GF/A) filters (sodium bisulfate treated and citric acid treated) were evaluated for nicotine capture, desorption efficiency, and holding capacity using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The Filters were treated with 0.

From [2Mn2S] Diamond Cores to Butterfly Rhombs: Transformations That Highlight Alternating Peptide Binding Sites.

Thiocarboxamide chelates are known to assemble [2Mn2S] diamond core complexes via μ-S bridges that connect two Mn(CO) fragments. These can exist as and -isomers and interconvert via 16-electron, monomeric intermediates. Herein, we demonstrate that reduction of such Mn derivatives leads to a loss of one thiocarboxamide ligand and a switch of ligand binding mode from an O- to N-donor of the amide group, yielding a dianionic butterfly rhomb with a short Mn-Mn distance, 2.

Stability of [10-12]cycloparaphenylene complexes with pristine fullerenes C and endohedral metallofullerenes MN@C.

[]Cycloparaphenylenes ([]CPPs) are strained macrocycles, comprising only sp-hybridized carbon atoms. In recent years, []CPPs have become of great research interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry since their special structure enables the formation of novel host-guest complexes. In this work, we investigate the gas-phase chemistry of noncovalent complexes of [10-12]CPP with the pristine fullerenes C and the endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) ScN@-C, ScN@-C and MN@-C (M = Sc, Y, Lu, Gd).

Experimentally-based Fe-catalyzed ethene oligomerization machine learning model provides highly accurate prediction of propagation/termination selectivity.

Linear α-olefins (1-alkenes) are critical comonomers for ethene copolymerization. A major impediment in the development of new homogeneous Fe catalysts for ethene oligomerization to produce comonomers and other important commercial products is the prediction of propagation termination rates that control the α-olefin distribution (, 1-butene through 1-decene), which is often referred to as a -value. Because the transition states for propagation termination are generally separated by less than a one kcal mol difference in energy, this selectivity cannot be accurately predicted by either DFT or wavefunction methods (even DLPNO-CCSD(T)).

Supercharged fluorescent proteins detect lanthanides via direct antennae signaling.

A sustainable operation for harvesting metals in the lanthanide series is needed to meet the rising demand for rare earth elements across diverse global industries. However, existing methods are limited in their capacity for detection and capture at environmentally and industrially relevant lanthanide concentrations. Supercharged fluorescent proteins have solvent-exposed, negatively charged residues that potentially create multiple direct chelation pockets for free lanthanide cations.

Prediction of human O-linked glycosylation sites using stacked generalization and embeddings from pre-trained protein language model.

Motivation: O-linked glycosylation, an essential post-translational modification process in Homo sapiens, involves attaching sugar moieties to the oxygen atoms of serine and/or threonine residues. It influences various biological and cellular functions. While threonine or serine residues within protein sequences are potential sites for O-linked glycosylation, not all serine and/or threonine residues undergo this modification, underscoring the importance of characterizing its occurrence.

Comparing neoantigen cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint therapy unveils an effective vaccine and anti-TREM2 macrophage-targeting dual therapy.

The goal of therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) is to promote T cells with anti-tumor capabilities. Here, we compared mutant neoantigen (neoAg) peptide-based vaccines with ICT in preclinical models. NeoAg vaccines induce the most robust expansion of proliferating and stem-like PD-1TCF-1 neoAg-specific CD8 T cells in tumors.

Anti-Programmed Death Ligand 1 Plus Targeted Therapy in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and lethal cancer. Although progress has been made in recent years in patients with mutated BRAF tumors, those who respond initially eventually die of their disease; furthermore, there are no approved therapies for non-BRAF mutated tumors.

Objective: To determine whether treatment with matched-targeted therapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors were associated with improved overall survival (OS).

Noise-Induced Quantum Synchronization and Entanglement in a Quantum Analogue of Huygens' Clock.

We propose a quantum analogue of the Huygens clock, where the phases of two spins synchronize through their interaction with a shared environment. This environment acts like the escapement mechanism in a mechanical clock, regulating the gear train and allowing discrete timing advances. In our model, the relative phases of the two spins synchronize via a mutually correlated environment.

Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema with Cycles of Three Injections of Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the visual and anatomic results at 12 and 24 months using the protocol of 3 monthly (PRN) injections for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 97 eyes with DME treated with a protocol of cycles consisting of 3 monthly injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs on a PRN basis. Change in visual acuity was the main outcome measure.

Structure-Based Probe Reveals the Presence of Large Transthyretin Aggregates in Plasma of ATTR Amyloidosis Patients.

Amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a relentlessly progressive disease caused by the misfolding and systemic accumulation of amyloidogenic transthyretin into amyloid fibrils. These fibrils cause diverse clinical phenotypes, mainly cardiomyopathy and/or polyneuropathy. Little is known about the aggregation of transthyretin during disease development and whether this has implications for diagnosis and treatment.

Empirical evidence and theoretical understanding of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycle interactions.

Interactions between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in terrestrial ecosystems are simulated in advanced vegetation models, yet methodologies vary widely, leading to divergent simulations of past land C balance trends. This underscores the need to reassess our understanding of ecosystem processes, given recent theoretical advancements and empirical data. We review current knowledge, emphasising evidence from experiments and trait data compilations for vegetation responses to CO and N input, alongside theoretical and ecological principles for modelling.

Light-Activated Gene Expression System Using a Caging-Group-Free Photoactivatable Dye.

Optical regulation of transcription using chemical compounds is an effective strategy to manipulate gene expression spatiotemporally. Conventional caging approaches with photoremovable protecting groups may require intense UV-light exposure and release potentially toxic byproducts. To address these problems, here we developed a light-mediated transcriptional regulation system by combining a caging-group-free photoactivatable dye PaX and a multidrug-binding transcriptional regulator QacR.

Isotopic evidence of acetate turnover in Precambrian continental fracture fluids.

The deep continental crust represents a vast potential habitat for microbial life where its activity remains poorly constrained. Organic acids like acetate are common in these ecosystems, but their role in the subsurface carbon cycle - including the mechanism and rate of their turnover - is still unclear. Here, we develop an isotope-exchange 'clock' based on the abiotic equilibration of H-isotopes between acetate and water, which can be used to define the maximum in situ acetate residence time.