The speciation of copper (II)/ethylenediamine/oxalate system by evolving factor analysis.

Principal component analysis and evolving factor analysis were applied to the study of the speciation of Cu (II)/ethylenediamine/ oxalate. Two programs were designed, based on mathematical algorithms. Error functions were calculated for evaluating the number of species.

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of copper(II), lead(II) and cadrnium(II).

The full spectrum technique in the fourier domain was studied for simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR). A program called SPGRFSQ. was designed to perform the calculations.