Alzheimer's disease as an autoimmune disorder of innate immunity endogenously modulated by tryptophan metabolites.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurotoxic immuno-inflammation concomitant with cytotoxic oligomerization of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau, culminating in concurrent, interdependent immunopathic and proteopathic pathogeneses.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive series of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies explicitly evaluating the atomistic-molecular mechanisms of cytokine-mediated and Aβ-mediated neurotoxicities in AD.  Next, 471 new chemical entities were designed and synthesized to probe the pathways identified by these molecular mechanism studies and to provide prototypic starting points in the development of small-molecule therapeutics for AD.

Synergetic Effect of Ultrasmall Metal Clusters and Zeolites Promoting Hydrogen Generation.

Taking advantage of the synergetic effect of confined ultrasmall metal clusters and zeolite frameworks is an efficient strategy for improving the catalytic performance of metal nanocatalysts. Herein, it is demonstrated that the synergetic effect of ultrasmall ruthenium (Ru) clusters and intrinsic Brønsted acidity of zeolite frameworks can significantly promote the hydrogen generation of ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis. Ultrasmall Ru clusters are embedded onto the silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34 () and various aluminosilicate zeolites ( *, and ) with tunable acidities by a facile incipient wetness impregnation method.