Rh(III)-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation and Dehydrogenative Annulation of -Chloroimines with Maleimides.

We herein report a Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond coupling of -chloroimines with maleimides, in which the [4 + 2] annulation and dehydrogenative annulation processes can be selectively achieved by simply adjusting the reaction conditions. This protocol is compatible with various functional groups, shows exquisite selectivity, and presents a concise synthetic procedure to respective products in moderate to good yields. With all these merits, this strategy may be applicable in the construction of related azaheterocyclic skeletons.

A comprehensive review of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni) removal from wastewater using low-cost adsorbents and possible revalorisation of spent adsorbents in blood fingerprint application.

An increasing amount of water pollution is being caused by an increase in industrial activity. Recently, a wide range of methods, including extraction, chemical coagulation, membrane separation, chemical precipitation, adsorption, and ion exchange, have been used to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The adsorption technique is believed to be the most highly effective method for eliminating heavy metals from wastewater among all of them.

A Robust, Biodegradable, and Fire-Retardant Cellulose Nanofibers-Based Structural Material Fabricated from Natural Sargassum.

With increasing concern about the environmental pollution of petrochemical plastics, people are constantly exploring environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative materials. Compared with petrochemical materials, cellulose has overwhelming superiority in terms of mechanical properties, thermal properties, cost, and biodegradability. However, the flammability of cellulose hinders its practical application to a certain extent, so improving the fire-retardant properties of cellulose nanofiber-based materials has become a research focus.

In vitro comparison of the marginal adaptation of cold ceramic sealer with the single-cone obturation technique versus AH-26 sealer with the lateral compaction technique in single-canal teeth.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of a cold ceramic (CC) sealer with the single-cone obturation technique with that of an AH-26 sealer with the lateral compaction technique in single-canal teeth.

Materials And Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, the root canals of 24 extracted single-rooted single-canal teeth were instrumented to F3 files by the crown-down technique and randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 12). The root canals were obturated with a CC sealer and single-cone obturation technique with 4% gutta-percha in group 1 and with an AH-26 sealer and lateral compaction technique with 2% gutta-percha in group 2.

On-Demand Continuous Flow Synthesis of Pentafluorosulfanyl Chloride (SFCl) Using a Custom-Made Stirring Packed-Bed Reactor.

The pentafluorosulfanyl (SF-) group has been the subject of a surge of interest in the past decade, but there is still little practicality associated with its synthesis and installation. Herein is reported the first continuous flow synthesis of pentafluorosulfanyl chloride (SFCl), the most common reagent for the synthesis of SF-substituted compounds. The synthesis is based on inexpensive and easy-to-handle reagents: sulfur powder (S), trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and potassium fluoride (KF).

Resolving tissue complexity by multimodal spatial omics modeling with MISO.

Spatial molecular profiling has provided biomedical researchers valuable opportunities to better understand the relationship between cellular localization and tissue function. Effectively modeling multimodal spatial omics data is crucial for understanding tissue complexity and underlying biology. Furthermore, improvements in spatial resolution have led to the advent of technologies that can generate spatial molecular data with subcellular resolution, requiring the development of computationally efficient methods that can handle the resulting large-scale datasets.

Prognostic impact of expression of CD2, CD25, and/or CD30 in/on mast cells in systemic mastocytosis: a registry study of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis.

Expression of CD2, CD25 and/or CD30 in extracutaneous mast cells (MC) is a minor diagnostic criterion for systemic mastocytosis (SM) in the classification of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification. So far, it remains unknown whether expression of these antigens on MC is of prognostic significance in SM. We performed a retrospective multi-center study of patients with SM using the data set of the registry of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis, including 5034 patients with various MC disorders.

G-quadruplex-forming small RNA inhibits coronavirus and influenza A virus replication.

Future pandemic threats may be caused by novel coronaviruses and influenza A viruses. Here we show that when directly added to a cell culture, 12mer guanine RNA (G12) and its phosphorothioate-linked derivatives (G12(S)), rapidly entered cytoplasm and suppressed the propagation of human coronaviruses and influenza A viruses to between 1/100 and nearly 1/1000 of normal virus infectivity without cellular toxicity and induction of innate immunity. Moreover, G12(S) alleviated the weight loss caused by coronavirus infection in mice.

Intranasally administrated fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides block SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice and enable long-term protective immunity.

We have assessed antiviral activity and induction of protective immunity of fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides derived from the C-terminal heptad-repeat domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (K18-hACE2). The lipopeptides block SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell lines and lung-derived organotypic cultures. Intranasal administration in mice allows the maintenance of homeostatic transcriptomic immune profile in lungs, prevents body-weight loss, decreases viral load and shedding, and protects mice from death caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants.

High leafy and root vegetables and high rice dietary patterns were associated with primary and secondary bile acid levels in the feces.

Colorectal cancer has the second highest mortality among cancer sites worldwide, with increasing morbidity, high recurrence rates, and even poorer postoperative quality of life. Therefore, preventive strategies for colorectal cancer should be established. This study aimed to cross-sectionally explore dietary patterns affecting the intestinal metabolism of bile acids (BAs), a risk factor for colorectal cancer, in young Japanese women.

Long-lived entanglement of molecules in magic-wavelength optical tweezers.

Realizing quantum control and entanglement of particles is crucial for advancing both quantum technologies and fundamental science. Substantial developments in this domain have been achieved in a variety of systems. In this context, ultracold polar molecules offer new and unique opportunities because of their more complex internal structure associated with vibration and rotation, coupled with the existence of long-range interactions.

Implications for the diagnosis of aspiration and aspergillosis in critically ill patients with detection of galactomannan in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids.

Invasive infections with Aspergillus fumigatus in ICU patients are linked to high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-immunosuppressed patients is difficult, as Aspergillus antigen (galactomannan [GM]) may have other causes. This retrospective study analyzed 160 ICU surgical patients with positive GM in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), classifying them based on AspICU criteria for suspected IPA (pIPA) or aspiration.

Biosynthesis and activity of Zn-MnO nanocomposite in vitro with molecular docking studies against multidrug resistance bacteria and inflammatory activators.

This study investigated the green synthesis of Zn-MnO nanocomposites via the fungus Penicillium rubens. Herein, the synthesized Zn-MnO nanocomposites were confirmed by UV-spectrophotometry with a top peak (370 nm). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed irregular particles with a spherical-like shape ranging from 25.

Precision fetal cardiology detects cyanotic congenital heart disease using maternal saliva metabolome and artificial intelligence.

Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) can lead to improved morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, the sole prenatal screening tool, remains limited. Failed prenatal or early newborn detection of cyanotic CHD (CCHD) can have disastrous consequences.

Cytotoxic mechanisms of pemetrexed and HDAC inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer cells involving ribonucleotides in DNA.

The cytotoxic mechanisms of thymidylate synthase inhibitors, such as the multitarget antifolate pemetrexed, are not yet fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that combining pemetrexed with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) may enhance therapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore this further, A549 NSCLC cells were treated with various combinations of pemetrexed and the HDACi MS275 (Entinostat), and subsequently assessed for cell viability, cell cycle changes, and genotoxic markers.

Gelatin/PLA-loaded gold nanocomposites synthesis using Syzygium cumini fruit extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer's activities.

Nanotechnology has experienced significant advancements, attracting considerable attention in various biomedical applications. This innovative study synthesizes and characterizes Ge/PLA/AuNCs (gelatin/PLA/gold nanocomposites) using Syzygium cumini extract to evaluate their various biomedical applications. The UV-Visible spectroscopy results in an absorption peak at 534 nm were primarily confirmed by Ge/PLA/AuNCs synthesis.

A preliminary evaluation of a fast, low-cost, and high-throughput nucleic acid extraction method for bacterial microbiota profiling in low-microbial biomass samples.

The respiratory tract is colonized with low-density microbial communities, which have been shown to impact human respiratory health through microbiota-host interactions. However, a lack of fast and cost-effective nucleic acid extraction method for low-microbial biomass samples hinders investigation of respiratory microbiota. Here, we performed a pilot study to assess the suitability of the NAxtra nucleic acid extraction protocol for profiling bacterial microbiota in respiratory samples.

Single-cell analysis identifies the CNP/GC-B/cGMP axis as marker and regulator of modulated VSMCs in atherosclerosis.

A balanced activity of cGMP signaling contributes to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can generate cGMP via three ligand-activated guanylyl cyclases, the NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase, the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-activated GC-A, and the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)-stimulated GC-B. Here, we study natriuretic peptide signaling in murine VSMCs and atherosclerotic lesions.

Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp to sp and to sp.

Regulating carbon hybridization states lies at the heart of engineering carbon materials with tailored properties but orchestrating the sequential transition across three states has remained elusive. Here, we visiualize stepwise evolution in carbon hybridizations from sp³ to sp² and to sp states via dehydrogenation and elimination reactions of methylcyano-functionalized molecules on surfaces. Utilizing scanning probing microscopy, we distinguish three distinct carbon-carbon bond types within polymers induced by annealing at elevated temperatures.

Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-M) sensitize HER2+ solid tumors to PD1 blockade in pre-clinical models.

We previously developed human CAR macrophages (CAR-M) and demonstrated redirection of macrophage anti-tumor function leading to tumor control in immunodeficient xenograft models. Here, we develop clinically relevant fully immunocompetent syngeneic models to evaluate the potential for CAR-M to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME), induce T cell anti-tumor immunity, and sensitize solid tumors to PD1/PDL1 checkpoint inhibition. In vivo, anti-HER2 CAR-M significantly reduce tumor burden, prolong survival, remodel the TME, increase intratumoral T cell and natural killer (NK) cell infiltration, and induce antigen spreading.

Structural basis of Spliced Leader RNA recognition by the Trypanosoma brucei cap-binding complex.

Kinetoplastids are a clade of eukaryotic protozoans that include human parasitic pathogens like trypanosomes and Leishmania species. In these organisms, protein-coding genes are transcribed as polycistronic pre-mRNAs, which need to be processed by the coupled action of trans-splicing and polyadenylation to yield monogenic mature mRNAs. During trans-splicing, a universal RNA sequence, the spliced leader RNA (SL RNA) mini-exon, is added to the 5'-end of each mRNA.

Photoreceptor metabolic window unveils eye-body interactions.

Photoreceptors are specialized neurons at the core of the retina's functionality, with optical accessibility and exceptional sensitivity to systemic metabolic stresses. Here we show the ability of risk-free, in vivo photoreceptor assessment as a window into systemic health and identify shared metabolic underpinnings of photoreceptor degeneration and multisystem health outcomes. A thinner photoreceptor layer thickness is significantly associated with an increased risk of future mortality and 13 multisystem diseases, while systematic analyses of circulating metabolomics enable the identification of 109 photoreceptor-related metabolites, which in turn elevate or reduce the risk of these health outcomes.

Simultaneous Ring-Opening and Dehydrogenation of Diarylethene Induced by Tunneling Electrons.

Understanding the reversible transformation between two isomeric states of organic molecules under external stimulation is essential for advancing single-molecule device development. Photochromic diarylethene (DAE) derivatives are promising candidates for single molecular switching elements. This study investigates the single-molecule reactions of the closed-form isomer of a DAE derivative on Cu(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).

Exploring the Maximum Potential of Initiating Ability in Metal-Free Primary Explosives.

Lead azide (LA) is a widely utilized primary explosive, serving as the initiating charge in blasting caps or detonators to start the detonation process of secondary explosives. The toxicity and environmental concerns associated with LA have led to regulatory restrictions and increased scrutiny, prompting the search for lead-free alternatives. LA is highly sensitive toward heat, shock, or friction, which poses safety challenges during manufacturing, handling, and storage.

Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Estercin A, a Class II Lanthipeptide Derived from CF016, with Antimicrobial Activity against Clinically Relevant Pathogens.

Recent genome mining work revealed that unexplored habitats exhibit great potential for discovering new nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Lanthipeptides are a group of RiPPs exhibiting a variety of biological functions. They are characterized by the presence of the thioether-containing bis-amino acids lanthionine and/or methyllanthionine.