Accelerated urbanization leads to more frequent and intense heatwaves (HW) and urban heat islands (UHIs), as demonstrated by a significant HW event in summer 2012, where temperatures in Chicago exceeded 40°C.
A study used advanced numerical models like HRLDAS and WRF to simulate and evaluate the impacts of HW and UHI, finding that incorporating a multi-layer urban canopy model improved WRF's performance.
The analysis revealed that rural areas saw larger temperature increases (∼4°C) compared to urban Chicago (∼2-3°C), and strong nighttime UHI effects were noted, suggesting high heat stress risk in both urban and rural areas during heat events.